【作者】 李强；

【导师】 洪本健；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 古代文学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 北宋庆历之际,是中国学术思想转型的关键时期,也是北宋诗文革新的孕育和发展时期。庆历三年的政治革新虽然没有成功,但庆历士人“和而不同”的政治伦理观念和“笃于自信”的学术创新意识,对后世政治、文学和士人精神世界产生深远的影响。庆历之际是一个比较宽泛的时间概念,笔者以庆历年间活跃士人的主要政治文学活动时期为参照,把自天圣末到嘉祜初的二十余年时间,纳入本文的主要研究范围。庆历士风的培育和养成,除了北宋社会经济和政治文化发展的内部因素外,还有两个重要的外部因素,其一是刘太后女主执政与传统政治伦理的冲突,为庆历士风的孕育准备了现实土壤;其二,宋仁宗的为政风格和性格特点,为庆历士风的张扬提供了表演舞台。笔者通过对仁宗庆历年间的四大政治事件考述,研究庆历之际士人的政治行为和心态发展,由此描绘出庆历士风的基本风貌,并尝试探寻士风发展的内在机制和矛盾因子,以及士风不同侧面在文学上最典型的呈现。庆历四年发生的“争水洛城事”,是北宋对西夏两种不同战略思想的碰撞。了解“争水洛城事”的背景,需要从宋夏关系发展、仁宗的对夏战略和当时具体的政治军事形势入手。水洛城之争反映了庆历“和而不同”政治理念,在“争水洛城事”中也出现不和谐的声音。庆历之际的论兵之文体现了文人对现实军事政治的关注,其重议论和逻辑思维的特点,也构成宋文重要的审美特征。庆历士风的张扬刺激了政治文学的兴盛,而“诗文干政”是政治文学特殊的表现形式。笔者以《庆历圣德诗》为中心,研究这种特殊政治文学现象产生的社会背景,以及其对现实政治和士风造成的影响。庆历之际出现的以“诗文干政”为代表的政治文学,其精神价值虽不容抹煞,但其所做出的历史审判却并非公正,而这样的不公正加速了士人的分化。随着文官体制的确立和文人政治斗争的复杂化,迁谪文学渐渐超越文学层面,成为封建官僚体制下一个内涵及其丰富的文化现象。笔者以《岳阳楼记》为中心,通过对相关人物和事件的考述,审视文人政治的局限性和庆历士风自身的颠覆因子。庆历四年的“进奏院狱”在当时产生巨大冲击波,主要原因在于案件发生地点的特殊性、涉案人员的特殊性和当时政治背景的特殊性,其表面上是一起经济案件,实际上是统治层对文人轻薄之风的调整与纠正。“进奏院狱”长期被淹没在人们的政治解读中,它在文人心态发展历程上的历史作用应该得到重视。更多还原

【Abstract】 Qingli in the Northern Song Dynasty was not only a key period when academic thoughts transformed, but also a period when revolutions in poetries and prose were gestated and developed. Although the political renovation in the third QingLi year failed, the political idea of ’comforting but not submitting’ and academic innovative consciousness of ’self-confidence’ in QingLi scholars exerted a great influence on politics, literature and schorlars’ mentality afterwards. QingLi was not an accurate time period in the present study, which actually focused on the 20 years when the important scholars in QingLi were active, lasting from the end of TianSheng to the beginning of JiaYou. The gestation and development of scholar style were promoted not only by the factors such as society, economy, politics and culture of Northern Song Dynasty, but also by other two important factors. One was the conflict between the fact that queen mother Liu ruled the country and traditional ethic opinion in politics. The other was free atmosphere arisen from Song Ren Zong’s characteristics and his reign style, which led to the scholar style thriving. The basic scene of scholar style in QingLi was described by the studies on the four great political events, and on the political behavior and mentality development of QingLi scholars. The underlying factors deciding the formation of scholar style were evaluated, and meanwhile, the expression of the style in literature was also investigated. The debate on Shuiluo Castle in the 4th QingLi year of the Northern Song Dynasty came from the conflict between the two different strategies in Northern Song Dynasty versus Western Xia. To understand the background of the event, the development of relationship between Song and Xia, Ren Zong’s strategy to Xia, the political and military situation should be considered. The debate reflected the political idea of ’comforting but not submitting’, though some discord opinions also appeared in the debate. The articles on military during QingLi expressed the care exerted by scholars on military. The characteristics that the scholars paid more attention to arguments and logic also formed a special kind of taste in the articles. The QingLi scholar style’s thriving stimulated the political literature’ prosperity. However, ’Interference in politics through poetries and proses’ was a special expression of political literature. By the studies on ’Poetries of QingLi Emperor’s Virtue’, the social background, the effects on politics andscholar style at that time were investigated. Although the political literature, charactered by ’Interference in politics through poetries and proses’, was of great spirit value, the history judgement arisen from it was not so correct, which sped up the scholars’ polarization. With the establishment of civil officials system and complication of political conflict, the exile literature surpassed the literature itself and turned to be a culture phenomenon with abundant connotation under the feudal bureaucracy system. By the studies on Notes of the YueYang Pavilion, and its characters and affairs, the limitation of scholars’ reign and the tragic factors of scholar style ruining itself were investigated. The case of ’Jin Zou Yuan’ happened during QingLi period of the Northern Song Dynasty had a great influence at that time due to the peculiarity of case spots, persons related to the case and political situation. Seemingly as an economic case, the case of ’Jin Zou Yuan’ in fact warned and adjusted scholars’ flippancy. The importance of ’Jin Zou Yuan’ case has long been ignored, while its effects on the development of scholar mentality should be attached more importance to in history.更多还原