【作者】 李云玲；

【导师】 谢悦波； 裴源生；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本论文采用野外踏勘调查与室内分析模拟相结合的方法,以GIS技术为关键数据处理、分析与模拟平台,通过采用现代景观分析技术特别是景观占补平衡分析,分析了黑河下游的生态演化态势;通过对生态演化驱动机制的分析,表明黑河流域下游生态恶化的症结是原本干旱的气候条件与非理性的人类活动过多地占用水资源综合作用的结果。 本论文深刻剖析了黑河流域下游水分—生态作用机制。以黑河下游平原区地下水数值模拟模型系统为依托,在GIS的支持下,将地下水埋深分布图层与植被分布图层相叠加,从空间分异的角度来剖析地下水埋深对植被群落演化的驱动,建立了草地、有林地、疏林地和灌木林地植被群落盖度与地下水埋深之间的LOGSTIC拟合方程;以绿洲“圈层构造”理论为指导,深刻揭示了水源距离对景观分布及动态影响。 在生态演化与水分—生态相互作用分析的基础上,通过GIS的空间决策,本论文进一步确立了在一定保障措施下的黑河流域下游生态保护与恢复目标。在生态恢复目标的基础上,从水资源学的角度界定了生态需水的概念,在黑河下游这样生态退化的地区,生态恢复的需水量不但要考虑恢复一定目标的天然植被生态系统、河湖水域生态系统的需水,还要考虑恢复生态地下水位的需水量,本论文从这三个方面对黑河下游配水影响区的不同生态恢复目标的生态需水进行了量化。 论文提出基于水资源合理配置的黑河下游生态恢复模拟模型的基本思路,建立了生态恢复模型,实现了与地下水数值模拟模型的耦合嵌套和信息交互。论文最后应用基于水资源合理配置的黑河下游生态恢复模拟模型系统,模拟预测了不同水平年系列配水方案下的天然绿洲的恢复状况。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this dissertation, by adopting the method of field investigation combined with office analysis and simulation, GIS technology as the platform of process, analysis and simulation of key data, and modern landscape analysis technology,especially the analysis of the balance of landscape engross and supply, ecology evolvement situation in downstream of Heihe river is analysed; through the analysis of drive mechanism of ecology evolvement, it shows that ecology depravation occuring downstream of Heihe river is the result of synthetical effect of the frail ecology environment background and irrational human activity, especially caused by human’s over impropriation of water resources.Operation mechanism of moisture-ecology is also profoundly anatomised in this dissertation. Based on the numerical simulation system of ground water for the plain region in downstream of Heihe river, the model system and GIS, distribution map of bury of ground water and vegetation are superposed, the drive of bury of ground water to the evolution of vegetation community is analysed from the angle of spatial differentiation, and the LOGSTIC fit function embodying the relationship of the coverage of vegetation community of turf forest land open forest land shrub land and bury of groundwater is built; Guided by the theory of oasis "zone and layer structure", the dynamic influence of the distance from water source to the distribution of landscape is profoundly revealed.On the basis of the analysis of ecology evolvement and interaction effect of moisture-ecology, depending on the spatial decision-making of GIS, the ecology protection and restoration object in downstream of Heihe river basin is further establishedo Based on the object of ecological restoration, the concept of Ecological Water Requirement is defined from the angle of science of water resources. In the region in downstream of Heihe river with ecology degradation, Ecological Water Requirement includes not only the part for the restoration of natural vegetation ecology system and rivers and lakes ecology system, but also the part for the restoration of ground water level. The quantities of water for the above three parts are calculated according to different Ecological Water Requirement for different restoration objects in the water distribution influence area in downstream of Heihe river basin.The basic thought of ecological restoration simulation model in downstream of Heihe river basin, which is based on rational distribution of water resource, is putforward. And the ecological restoration model and multiple objective model with rational distribution of water resource and facing all attribute are both built, and its coupling and nesting with ground water numercial simulation and information alternation with ecological restoration model are also realy fulfilled. The application of the ecological restoration simulation model in downstream of Heihe river basin on simulation and forecasting the restoration status of natural oasis under different level serious of water distribution scheme is discussed at last in this paper.更多还原