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我国证券业不良资产问题的研究

Research on the Question of Non-Performing Assets in Chinese Securities Business

【作者】 王嘉川

【导师】 赵振全;

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 , 数量经济学, 2004, 博士

【摘要】 不良资产是经济运行过程中不可避免的产物,是一个全球性课题。不良资产的存在会恶化公司资产质量,减少资产流动性,降低公司整体收益水平,增加公司经营风险,因此企业在经营活动中一直伴随着不良资产的预防与处置。对于金融不良资产的系统研究始于二十世纪八十年代末期的美国,由于巨额不良资产导致的全球性金融危机使得不良资产问题成为金融业关注的焦点。由于金融业处于国民经济的核心枢纽地位,因此金融业不良资产的累积将会导致整个经济链条发生危机,威胁金融安全和经济发展。1997年的亚洲金融危机更充分验证了金融不良资产问题研究和解决的重要性,自此亚洲各国都积极寻求金融不良资产的有效处置方式和预防机制。由于银行业在经济转轨时期的中国处于绝对核心地位,因此早期我国关于金融业不良资产的研究和实践主要集中于银行业。但是随着资本市场的快速发展,证券业在经济发展中的作用日益突出,证券业不良资产问题也逐渐暴露出来并已对证券公司的生存和证券市场的健康发展产生负面作用,这已引起政府、业界和学术界的广泛关注。但是国内对于证券业不良资产的理论和实践研究却处于空白状态,本文正是基于这种现状对我国证券业不良资产进行了系统性研究,包括我国证券业不良资产的现状、生成机制、对公司价值的反作用机制以及处置模式和政策建议等方面。期望加深全社会对证券业不良资产的关注和认识,唤起政府的重视,并且在不良资产处置上进行深入的研究和探讨,找到适合我国证券业不良资产处置的最佳模式和良性处置机制。第一章对不良资产进行了总体性概述。首先给出了全新的不良资产定义,即在未来某段时期内,没有产生经济利益的能力或者产生经济利益能力很弱,一旦外界条件改变存在盈利能力提升可能的资产。本章重点阐述了我国证券业不良资产的现状和估算方法。第二章对我国证券业不良资产进行了深入的分析。包括现状和形成的主客观原因,按照净资本计算规则对证券业不良资产规模进行了估算。我国证<WP=143>券业不良资产有证券类和非证券类两种形态,依据这两类不良资产的形成原因和风险作用机制,本章最后分析了不良资产对证券公司资产质量、经营风险、盈利能力、竞争能力的影响以及对证券市场和经济发展的影响。第三章从公司价值理论角度研究了不良资产的生成机制和反作用机制。公司价值最大化已经成为现代企业的经营目标,在给出公司价值含义的基础上,介绍了MM定理、资本资产定价模型和布莱克——斯科尔斯期权定价模型等相关公司价值理论以及五种公司价值评估方法,并分别运用这五种方法分析了不良资产对公司价值的反作用机制,即不良资产通过减少公司的销售额和税后利润等方式降低公司的收入水平、增加融资成本,进而摊薄收益率,导致公司价值的下降。最后定义了不良资产弹性这一概念来度量不良资产对公司价值的这种影响。第四章是关于不良资产对公司价值影响的实证分析。首先选取日本较大的六家证券公司1992~2003年的财务报表,使用平面数据的随机效应模型进行分析,结果表明与不良资产密切相关的长期应收账款比率和长期投资比率的增加会降低公司价值。然后根据我国证券公司1998~2002年的部分财务数据,进行不良资产对公司价值影响的实证分析,包括变量的相关分析、所有证券公司的截面数据分析,并在CHOW检验的基础上对不同规模的公司分别进行了分析。回归结果表明我国证券公司的不良资产弹性在逐年增加,资产规模较大的公司不良资产率的变化对公司价值的影响相对较弱。第五章综述了不良资产处置的国际模式:中心化模式和非中心化模式,并对两种模式进行了介绍和评价。在对我国银行业不良资产处置模式进行研究的基础上,给出了银行业不良资产处置工作对证券业不良资产处置的借鉴性意义。第六章分析我国证券业不良资产处置方式。在对证券公司不良资产处置工作进行了总体描述的基础上,指出了现阶段我国证券业不良资产处置所采纳的基本模式:以地方政府为主体的中心化方案和以老股东、原有股东为主体的两个非中心化方案,并给出了非证券类不良资产处置方式的选择,最后提出了我国证券业不良资产处置的八种具体手段,包括手段介绍和评价。第七章是关于解决证券业不良资产问题时的行为模式选择问题,包括证券公司的行为模式和政府的行为模式。证券公司可以通过健全公司治理结构、加强风险管理、实行严格的会计制度和拓展业务空间等模式处置现存不良资产和防范新生不良资产。然后论述了政府参与证券业不良资产处置和建立一个不良资产处置总体战略的必要性,从直接参与和间接参与两方面阐述了处<WP=144>置证券业不良资产时的政府行为模式选择。最后是结论和建议。本文全面研究了我国证券业不良资产问题。给出了含有概率和时间因素的不良资产的全新定义,并首次提出了不良资产弹性的概念及其经济解释,运用公司价值理论和实证检验方法分析了不良资产对公司价值的生成机制和反作用机制。在与国内外银行业不良资产比较研究的基础上,借鉴性地提出了我国证券业不良资产处置的具体模式和手段,并且分析了证券业不良资产处置中证券公司和政府行为模式的选择。可以说?

【Abstract】 The non-performing assets is the unavoidable result in the economical operation course, and a world question. The non-performing assets reduces the quality of the company’s assets,reduces company’s income, reduces the mobility of the assets, increases company’s risk, so has been following the prevention and treatment of the non-performing assets all the time in the business activities of enterprises. U.S.A. began the research on the non-performing assets at the latter stage of the eighties of the 20th century, because the global banking’s crisis which caused by the huge non-performing assets made the question of the non-performing assets become the focus of the financial circles. Asian financial crisis in 1997 has fully exposed the risk effect to financial circles of existence of a large amount of non-performing assets even more. Asian countries actively seek the effective treatment way of the non-performing assets and prevention mechanism. The non-performing assets of the financial circles of our country mainly concentrates on the state-owned commercial banks, theoretical research and practice in non-performing assets are mainly about the banking circles. But with the development of the national economy, the security market is playing a very important role in widening the channel for investment and financing, standardizing the market, advancing the setting-up of the modern enterprise system. But as the market main body, the securities companies face the puzzlement of the non-performing assets which increase following the scale of the assets. The total value of the non-performing assets in the national securities companies accounted for over half of the total value of the net assets in 2002. High proportion of the non-performing assets reduce the securities companies’ profit, increase the bankrupt risk, produce chain reaction and make many securities companies face awkward situation after counting the loss provision of the non-performing assets. If we <WP=146>can’t effectively treat the question in time, it will inevitably effect the development of the security market and the national economy. But the domestic research on the non-performing assets of securities business is in blank state, this text just carries on systemic studying to the non-performing assets of the securities business of our country on the basis of this kind of current situation. The research include the current situation of the non-performing assets, origin cause of formation, its effect to the enterprise value, the treatment mode and policy recommendations, etc.. We expect to strengthen the knowledge of non-performing assets of securities business of the whole society, arouse the government’s attention, and carry on deep research and discussion in the non-performing assets, find the best treatment mode and benign handling mechanism of the non-performing assets of Chinese securities business.Chapter one carried on the total summary to the non-performing assets, provide more clear definition of the non-performing assets at first, namely the assets that has no ability to produce economic benefits or has weak ability to produce economic benefits within some future period, and has the possibility of promoting the profit ability once the external condition change. We point out that the non-performing assets is a result of the economical operation course, its emerge has its own regularity and certainty. Financial circles is the field in which the non-performing assets relatively concentrates, especially banking non-performing assets is the largest. After analyzing the state of banking non-performing assets, we clarify current situations of the non-performing assets of Chinese securities business, and give the computing technologies of non-performing assets.In chapter two we give detailed analysis of the non-performing assets of Chinese securities business, including current situations and subjective and objective reasons. We then calculate the quantity of the non-performing assets according to the computing rule of net capital. The non-perform

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 吉林大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2005年 02期
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