基于企业核心业务能力的知识管理策略研究

【作者】 刘蕾；

【导师】 徐晓军； 赵光洲；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 矿物加工， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 知识经济时代，知识已成为企业最重要的战略资源。谁拥有更多、更新的知识并能尽快将知识转化为生产力，谁就能在激烈的市场竞争中获胜。因此，研究企业如何实施知识管理将是一个十分重要而又非常现实的问题。 本文对知识管理的研究现状和我国企业实施知识管理中存在的问题进行了分析研究。目前我国有很多企业都已认识到了知识管理的重要性，并已开始实施知识管理战略，以期提高自身的创新能力和应变能力。但是由于多数企业把知识管理当作纯技术问题对待，并且对知识管理的策略和方法也缺乏深入了解，导致企业知识管理的起步工作都集中在基础设施的建设上，诸如内部网络建设、知识文档管理、内部数据库等等，并把知识管理作为覆盖全企业的项目，其结果是投入过大，收效甚微。失败的主要原因是忽略了知识管理的关键成功因素，即知识管理必须与企业的具体业务相结合。 企业实施知识管理必须找到一个切入点，必须融入企业的业务流程，才能产生良好的效果。因此，本文认为企业应将核心业务作为实施知识管理的突破口，应从如何提高核心业务能力的基础上选择知识管理的策略和方法。如何通过知识管理来提升企业的核心业务能力是本文研究的重点内容。 通过对核心业务及核心业务能力特征的分析，认为企业的核心业务应是对企业的利润、顾客所看重的价值以及对企业战略带来关键性影响的业务。知识是核心业务能力的最重要支撑要素，核心业务能力的不断提升依赖于知识的不断获取、创造和应用，所有这些知识活动的有效进行都要通过知识管理来完成，所以知识管理是提升核心业务能力的核心要素之一。 本文根据核心业务的工作类型研究知识管理策略的选择，不同的工作类型，需要采取不同的知识管理策略。事务型和集成型工作类型选择编码策略，协作型和专家型工作类型选择个性化策略。并从核心业务知识的来源和核心业务知识的特性两个方面详细研究了知识管理的具体实施方法，如果核心业务知识主要来源于企业内部，则采用守护型策略；如果核心业务知识主要来源于企业外部，则采用扩张型策略。核心业务知识主要为显性知识的采用编码策略，核心业务知识主昆明理工大学博士学位论文要为隐性知识的采用个性化策略，如此又细分为以下四种策略:守护型编码策略、守护型个性化策略、扩张型编码策略和扩张型个性化策略。 企业核心业务能力的培育和提升主要通过兰个途径，一是企业依靠自主开发和实践积累;二是通过与外界建立知识联盟，共同开发培育:三是通过购买或兼并来获取知识和能力。企业可根据自身实际情况来选择合适的提升途径。核心业务能力的形成和完善过程，始终伴随着知识的识别与获取、知识的交流、共享、转移、学习、创新和应用，是知识不断获取、不断流动和不断学习的过程。木文正是从知识获取、知识流动和组织学习三个方面研究如何形成和提升企业的核心业务能力，并提出了基于知识流动和组织学习的核心业务能力的提升模式。 核心业务的知识流动内容包括显性知识的流动、隐性知识的流动、知识载体的流动。显性知识和隐性知识都是形成企业核心业务能力的基础，但是对一个企业而言，显性知识只是“冰山的尖端”，而隐性知识则是隐藏在“冰山底部的大部分”。并且显性知识容易沟通和共享，因此也极易被竟争对手学到，在其流动过程中企业应采取相应的知识保护措施以防止被竞争对手模仿和复制;而隐性知识是隐含的、难以编码的、高度个性化的知识，不容易被模仿和复制，是形成企业核心业务能力的重要基础，如何控制和促进企业隐性知识的流动和转化是提升核心业务能力的关键.从企业角度讲‘应努力促进个体隐性知识、团队和部门隐性知识向企业隐性知识转化，这样不仅能减少关键员工流失对企业造成的损失，而且隐性知识上升到企业层次后，就能在整个企业范围内共享和利用，为企业创造巨大的收益。企业应通过改变组织结构、采取适当的激励措施、为知识的流动和共享提供合适的机会和场所、创建知识导向型企业文化等手段来促进企业隐性知识的流动和转化. 核心业务能力的培育过程也是一个学习过程，从个人学习，到团队学习，核心业务能力作为组织的特有知识和技能是组织学习的结果。所以提高核心业务能力的关键是提高个人和组织的学习能力，而最能提高学习速度和学习能力的组织结构是学习型组织。学习型组织注重的是改革人们思维和学习的方式，强调团队学习，鼓励员工互相交流各自拥有的知识和技能.对学习型组织的特征，彼得·圣吉是这样描述的:“在这里，人们得以突破自己的能力上限，创造真心向往的结果，培育全新、前喻而开阔的思维方式，全力实现共同的抱负，以及一起学习 昆明理工大学搏}:学位论文如何共同学习。”为不断提升企业的核心业务能力，企业需要将自身建成学习型组织，需要鼓励员工做到以下几点:自我超越、改善心柳模式、建立共同愿只、重视团队学习、学会系统思考。 根据核心业务能力的特征设计了其识别指标体系与评价指标体系，少}采川芡糊数学综合评价法分别建立了核心更多还原

【Abstract】 In the knowledge economy time, knowledge has become the most important strategic resources. Who have more and newer knowledge, and change them to productivity as fast as possible, who can win in the competitive market. Therefore it is realistic and significant to research how the enterprises carry out knowledge management.This thesis firstly analyzed the current situation of knowledge management and the problem in the knowledge management of Chinese enterprises. Nowadays a lot of Chinese enterprises have realized the importance of knowledge management and have tried to carry out knowledge management, in order to enhance the innovative ability and adaptive ability. But many enterprises treat knowledge management only as a technical problem, and lack some basic understanding towards the strategy and the practical method of knowledge management. So the beginning of knowledge management is focused on the building of the infrastructure, such as the intranet building, documents management, inner data base building. Though it is executed in the whole enterprise, too much input and less output are worked out. The main reason which leads to the failure is that the critical success factors of knowledge management has been neglected. In other words, knowledge management must combine with the concrete business of enterprises.To implement knowledge management effectively, enterprises must melt knowledge management into the business process of enterprises. So this thesis argues about that the core business should be the breakpoint in the execution of knowledge management, and the choice of knowledge management strategy should be based on how to enhance the core business ability .How to enhance the core business ability through implementing knowledge management is the key content of this paper.Through the analysis of the character of core business and the corebusiness ability, this paper shows the argument of the author that the core business should have great value in profit earning, customer satisfaction and enterprise strategy. Knowledge is the most important element to support core business ability. Consistent enhancement of core business ability relies on continuous knowledge caption, creation and use. The effective implement of all these activities needs knowledge management. So the implement of knowledge management is the key element of enhancing the core business ability.According to the analysis of the core business process, we could get a conclusion that different business classification needs different knowledge management strategy. Affairs and integrative business choose the codified strategy; cooperative and expertise business choose the personification strategy. This thesis researched the implement method in details from two aspects which are the resource of core business knowledge and the character of core business knowledge. If the core business knowledge mainly comes from inner organization of the enterprise, the suitable strategy should be defending strategy; On the contrary it should be expending strategy. If the core business knowledge is tacit knowledge, the suitable strategy should be personification strategy. On the contrary it should be the codified strategy. So there are four strategies: defending codified strategy, defending personification strategy, expending codified strategy, expending personification strategy.Self-development and accumulation, building knowledge alliance, acquiring the core business ability through merger are three ways of cultivating and promoting core business ability. Enterprises can choose suitable way according to their own conditions. The process of cultivation of core business ability always company with the acquiring, communicating, sharing, transferring, learning, innovating and using of knowledge. The process is also a process of consistent acquiringN flowing and learning of knowledge. This thesis studied how to cultivate and enhance the core business ability of enterprises from the two aspects which are knowledge flowing and the organization learning. A model f更多还原