【作者】 徐晓鹏；

【导师】 武春友；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 水资源是一个复杂的耦合系统，并与人类社会发展和生存环境相结合。水资源价格研究是在资源经济学研究背景下逐步展开的，是自然资源价格研究的重要组成部分。 论文采用实证研究与规范研究、定量分析与定性分析相结合的方法对水资源定价进行系统研究。水价定价研究所涉及的研究领域较为宽泛，论文根据可持续发展理论的观点，从资源、环境管理与经济政策相协调的角度，将经济学相关理论应用到水价研究中。首先对水价研究进展进行分析。其次，对水价制度进行国际比较研究，从比较研究中揭示出的问题成为专题研究的切入点。针对我国现行水价制度的缺陷，分别从水价形成机理、水价定价模型、水价定价机制三个方面进行专题研究，并注意各专题研究间的衔接与关联。 为从较完善的水价制度中获取一般规律，为论文研究寻找切入点，论文选择美国、加拿大、英国及法国的水价制度进行比较研究，归纳出四国水价制度的共同特征，为我国水价制度改革提供借鉴。分析我国现行水价制度存在的缺陷，揭示水价失真，水价体系扭曲的重要根源在于自然资源无价观念和缺乏对水价理论及水价定价方法的系统研究。在此基础上，依据马克思的劳动价值论、西方效用价值论等对天然水资源价值内涵进行分析，得出水资源具有经济价值和生态环境价值的结论，强调生态环境价值的重要性。依据地租理论、经济学中外部性理论分析水价形成机理，提出水价构成应包含资源水价、工程水价和环境水价，重新界定的水价构成与现行水价基本上是工程水价形成鲜明对比。 在水资源价值内涵及价格构成明晰的基础上，对自然资源定价方法进行分析，以可持续发展为指导思想，确立水价定价思路与定价原则，并对影响水价定价相关因素进行分析，给出水价定价模型结构，分别构建资源水价、工程水价和环境水价定价模型，建立动态全成本水价定价模型。资源水价是水资源价值核算的核心和难点，是水价定价的基准，论文重点研究资源水价定价方法，并利用资源水价模型对大连地区资源水价进行实证研究。同时，对再生水资源的定价方法进行讨论，提出中水价格定价区间和淡化水价格补贴政策，建立水资源、再生水资源一体化定价体系。 最后，论文对水资源配置方式进行分析，提出根据水资源特性及用水需求不同选择不同的水价定价机制，改革现行单一的政府定价机制，逐步形成政府定价、政府指导定价和市场定价三种定价机制。完善政府定价机制的措施是不同用户实行差别定价；科学设计水价结构；合理选择计收方式；逐步取消水价补贴；理顺水资源管理体制；明确水价管理权限。引入市场定价机制的关键是配置初始水权，通过建立水权交易制度，开放水市场，推动市场定价机制的进一步完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water resources system is a complex coupling system, and it’s connected with our social development and living environment. The study of water price develops with the study of resources economics, and it is an important part of the study of natural resources value.Combining positive study and normal study, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, this paper systematically studies water pricing. Water pricing study relates to a broad field. In accordance with sustainable development theory, from the angle of coordination of resources, environment administration and economic policy, this paper has a try on introducing relative theory of economics into water pricing study. This paper reviews present state of water price study. Then after international comparison about water price system, this paper exposes defects of our water price system and states reform objects. As regards problems of our existing water price system, this paper makes monographic study about forming mechanism of water price, pricing method of water resources and pricing mechanism of water resources.In order to find general law of water price system, this paper compares water price system of America, Canada, England and France, and concludes their joint characters, which are helpful to our reform on water price system. At the same time, after analyzing defects of our present water price system, this paper explains one of important roots of unreal water price is view of priceless natural resources, imperfect resources price theory and pricing method. Based on this analysis, according to Maxis’ labor value theory, western utility value theory, this paper analyzes connotation of water resources value and gets the conclusion that water resources has economic value and ecological value, and importance of its ecological value should be paid more attention. According to rent theory, externality theory of economics, this paper analyzes mechanism of water price forming, puts forward that water price should involve resources price, engineering price and environment price, and the re-decided water price is in distinctive comparison with existing water price which is basically engineering price.On the basis of clear water resources value connotation and price composition, this paper analyzes ways of natural resources’ price forming and states forming idea and forming principle of water price model. Analyzing relative factors of water pricing, this paper puts forward structure of water resources pricing model, makes pricing model of resources price, engineering price and environment price respectively, and sets up dynamic all-cost pricing model. Resources price is the core and difficulty of calculation about water resources value, and basis of water resources pricing. This paper emphasizes on pricing way of resources price and makes positive study about resources price of Dalian. Moreover, after discussing pricing of regenerated water resources, this paper proposes integrate pricing system of water resources and regenerated water resources.At last, this paper studies water resources mechanism, suggests choosing different water resources pricing mechanism considering water resources characteristic and different water demand, so that we attain government pricing mechanism, government guiding pricing mechanism and market pricing mechanism. Key point of improving government pricing mechanism is to price differentially to different users, to devise scientifically water price structure, to choose rationally charging model, to revoke water price subsidy, to clear out water resources administration system and to make clear of price administration right. Main point of introducing market pricing mechanism is to dispose first water right, to open up water market through the establishment of water right transaction system so as to improve market pricing mechanism of water resources.更多还原