江苏省木本珍稀濒危植物保护及其保障机制研究

【作者】 吴小巧；

【导师】 丁雨龙； 黄宝龙；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 保护生物多样性已经成为全球性的战略任务。由于当今世界人口高速增长，社会经济活动不断加剧，土地资源大片的转变成为为人类直接利用的农田和城镇。同时，人类从残存自然植被中获得资源的手段和技术越来越有效，使得地球上的生物多样性维持、恢复能力大为下降。特别是对诸如江苏省这样人口高度密集、工业化程度高、生态环境破坏严重的地区，生物多样性正在以空前的速度消失，大量物种已经灭绝或处于濒危状态。根据世界自然保护监测中心的资料，地球上处于受威胁状态的植物种数约占总种数的1／10。如果人类的行为象现在这样继续破坏环境的话，今后20—50年将有15％的物种灭绝。因此，保护植物资源，拯救珍稀濒危植物已成为国际社会关注的热点。 本文在全面认识国内外关于珍稀濒危植物保护、立法与科学研究的最新进展状况的基础上，对江苏省植物区系地理分布、种群格局及物种生态生物学特征等进行总体评价、综合分析和分项诊断，针对江苏省珍稀濒危植物的现状和保护中存在的问题，通过野外调查、资料收集及专家咨询等方式，进一步考证、核实和发现中国珍稀濒危植物在江苏的自然分布状况，摸清种类及种群的个体数量，调查其栽培、开发利用、生境、保护管理及研究状况；同时，选择三个有代表性的自然保护区，对其区域内具物种多样性保护意义的关键树种及其分布现状进行了调查和分析；参考并借鉴前人研究资料，确定了江苏省珍稀濒危保护植物的原则依据；提出了江苏省珍稀濒危保护植物和重点保护植物名录并进行了等级划分，介绍了60种较重要的木本珍稀濒危保护植物和重点保护植物；探讨特定类群物种的濒危机制，界定了珍稀濒危保护植物和重点保护植物的概念内涵；以所提出的60种保护植物为研究对象，运用濒危系数、遗传系数、利用系数及保护现状系数制定了保护的定量化分级指标，并对其濒危程度和优先保护序列进行了研究；收集国内外相关(同类)研究领域的法律法规及其政策，分析其可采纳之处，从立法现状、存在问题及保障机制角度进行了一定的探讨，提出加强我省珍稀濒危植物保护的政策性构思及措施。 结论如下：(1) 中国木本珍稀濒危植物及国家重点保护植物在江苏自然分布的有12种，隶属于9科，10属；并按珍稀濒危保护植物和重点保护植物2个保护类别分别提出保护名录，每个保护类别分3个等级作保护名录；(2) 建议加大地方性立法程度，针对当前江苏珍稀濒危植物保护所面临的实际情况，尽快出台江苏省野生植物保护条例，制定江苏省重点保护野生植物名录；(3) 加大自然保护区建设力度，扩大保护范围，提高保护级别；(4) 加大对自然保护区及野生植物保护的资金投入。更多还原

【Abstract】 Protecting biodiversity has become one of the global strategic events. With the booming of the social and economical activity due to the rapid increasing of the world population nowadays, a great number of land resource has been turning into directly for farmland and town. Meanwhile, means and technology of acquiring resource is more and more efficient from survival natural vegetation by humankind. So the maintaining and recovering ability of the biodiversity of the world is dramatically declining. Biodiversity is declining at unprecedented speed especially in the region of highly dense populated, highly industrialized and the habitat for plants seriously destroyed, such as in Jiangsu Province. A great deal of species has been annihilated or will be in the imminent danger state. The quantity of threatened plant species is about 10% of the whole species on the earth according to the information of Supervise Center of Natural Conservation of the World. 15% species will been died out in the future of 20-50 years if the environment is continuously demolished at present way. So protecting plant resources and rescuing the rare and endangered plants have become attention hotspot for international society.The geography distribution, species group pattern and ecological and biological characteristics of the species in Jiangsu flora were ’evaluated universally, analyzed synthetically and diagnosed respectively, on the basis of the completely understanding the newest status about protection, legislation and scientific research of the rare and endangered plant at home and abroad. Aiming at the present situation and the existent problem in the protecting process about the rare and endangered plant in Jiangsu, author further verified the natural distribution status of the rare and endangered plants in Jiangsu published by Chinese government by means of field investigating, datum collecting, experts consulting. The quantity of their wild population, the situation of protection and management, the status for cultivation, utilization and scientific research were investigated. At the same time three representative nature protectorates, were chosen as key research stands. The living status of some key trees what are significant for species diversity protecting in these regions were investigated and analyzed. The principle and foundation of protecting the rare and endangered plants of Jiangsu were defined. The list of the rare and endangered protected plants of and emphatic protected plants Jiangsu was made up. The protection order of the listed plants was given. In total 60 species were chosen as rare and endangered protected plants and emphatic protected plants. The endangering mechanism of these species was investigated and discussed especially. The concept and connotation of the rare and endangered protected plants and emphatic protected plants was defined. Through handling the coefficient of the imminent danger, heredity, using and the present protected status, the paper sets down the fixed quantity classification target ofthe 60 proposed protected plants. Moreover, the severe danger degree and prior protected sequence of the plants were studied. The existed law, rule and policy of correlatively research field at home and abroad were discussed and analyzed from the point of view of lawmaking situation, existing problem and political guarantee mechanism. The policy and some measurements for strengthening the protection of rare and endangered plants of Jiangsu were proposed.Conclusion as follows: (1) There are 12 woody rare and endangered plants listed by Chinese government distributed naturally in Jiangsu. In total 60 species were suggested as the rare and endangered protective plants and key protective plants of Jiangsu. Moreover, two kinds of protecting plants were distinguished, i.e. the sorts of the rare and endangered protected plants and the sorts of emphatic protected plants. Each sort were divided into 3 protecting grades. (2) The suggestions to enhancing lawmaking degree of locality, coming on the Wilding Protection Statu更多还原