经济转轨及转轨成本问题研究

【作者】 张宏志；

【导师】 王询；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 劳动经济学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 中国所进行的经济改革已经过去了25年，它是以建立市场经济体制为目标和内涵的，而今，无论是从经济的角度还是从政治的角度，都可以做出这样的判断，这场经济改革已经到了非常重要的攻坚阶段。之所以提到“阶段”这样一个词，是因为这场改革的渐进性特征。中国的经济转轨过程是一个渐进的，由政府主导的改革过程。实践证明，计划经济已经不适于中国经济发展的需要，中国要通过建立现代市场经济体系，以提高资源配置的效率。中国的经济转轨过程也是社会经济制度变迁的过程，在经济转轨的目标模式已经确立的情况下，如何能够实现经济转轨的成功，就需要探索一条稳定低成本的转轨路径。从世界范围内的经济转轨实践来看，主要分为两种模式：一是以俄罗斯为代表的激进式经济转轨，另外一种是以中国为代表的渐进式经济转轨。不同的经济转轨模式面临着不同的经济转轨问题，中国的渐进式经济转轨经过了初期过程，已经到达了“深水区”。“摸着石头过河”，将给经济转轨带来越来越严重的失败风险，中国的经济改革需要一种理性的系统思想的指引。 从成本的角度考察经济转轨过程，无论是国外的制度经济学家还是国内的过渡经济学研究者，都做出过这方面的努力。普遍的共识是：经济转轨的过程是破坏原有制度并建立新制度的过程，一个社会必然要为经济转轨付出代价。改革成本必须要小于改革收益，那么这个改革过程才有效。这种理论判断，对中国经济转轨实践具有深刻的指导意义。而经济转轨成本问题，是经济转轨过程中不可忽略的问题，对于经济转轨成本的理解和处理，将影响经济转轨过程的稳定，同时决定经济转轨的成败。尤其在中国经济转轨处于攻坚阶段的情况下，渐进的经济转轨在先期取得一定的成果，也将最为棘手和困难的问题留到了现在，这些问题几乎都涉及到经济转轨成本的处理问题，如国有商业银行不良资产问题，国有企业的改组和职工安置问题等。本文以理性的态度，全面的视角，审视经济转轨的过程，并在此基础上对经济转轨的成本问题进行分析，试图探索出实现稳定经济转轨的理论思路和实施策略。 本文的写作目标，就是要在理顺经济转轨过程的基础上，理顺经济转轨成本，进而提出处理经济转轨成本问题的相关理论原则和实施策略。本文由六大部分、7章组成：内容提要 第一部分为第1章，主要从理论上介绍经济转轨及其相关问题。通过对经济转轨的含义以及经济转轨原因的阐述，深入分析现代市场经济的含义和特征，并进一步讨论经济转轨过程所发生的制度变迁。对制度变迁的概念、发生条件、发生原因、推动主体以及模式和类型等问题进行研究论述，分析经济转轨过程中制度变迁的内容，并对中国经济转轨中的制度变迁进行归纳。最后，引入经济转轨的成本问题，对经济转轨成本的概念进行界定，对经济转轨成本类型进行划分。 第二部分为第2、3章，介绍经济转轨的实践历史。第2章对世界范围内的经济转轨过程进行介绍，包括俄罗斯和东欧一些国家的激进式经济转轨，以及中国的渐进式经济转轨，并对中国渐进式的经济转轨过程进行归纳，指出中国渐进式经济转轨所遇到的困难;第3章集中介绍了经济转轨中的国有企业改革问题，首先，界定国有企业的内涵。其次，分析中国国有企业改革的原因，介绍改革实践过程:并对国有企业与经济转轨成本的相关性进行分析。 第三部分为第4章，介绍经济转轨成本问题的相关理论成果。提出“经济转轨成本规划核销”的新思路，这部分内容首先介绍了前人的理论成果，其中包括“路径依赖”理论、制度均衡理论和中国过渡经济学的相关研究成果，并分别对各种理论与经济转轨成本的相互关系进行了分析。 第四部分为第5章，主要对经济转轨成本的发生机制进行了分析。按照经济转轨的逻辑次序，分别对经济转轨过程中的产权关系建设成本、市场经济建设成本、利益冲突摩擦成本、制度租金与寻租、转轨延误成本的发生机制等进行了分析。 第五部分为第6章，在前面经济转轨过程描述及经济转轨成本发生机制分析的基础上，对经济转轨成本的处置问题进行讨论，提出经济转轨成本的规划核销理论。然后，根据经济转轨成本的规划核销理论，提出中国当前经济转轨深入进行的规划核销思路。 第六部分为第7章对全文重点内容进行总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 Twenty-five years has passed ever since the Chinese Economic Reformation (CER) beginning. This reformation of our experiencing aims to establish the market economy system. We can judge from the angles of both economy and politics that the CER has been the important attacking stage.We mention the stage of the reformation just because of its gradual improving characteristic. The process of Chinese Economic Transformation is gradual and governed by the government. Proved by practice, the planned economy doesn’t fit for the need of Chinese economy developing. China should establish the modern market economy system so as to increase the efficiency of the installed resource. The process of the Chinese Economic Transformation is also the change of Chinese economy system. Under the circumstance that the target mode has been established, China needs to probe a new path of stability and low cost on how to make the Chinese Economic Transformation successful.Seen from the practice, economic transformation in the globe can be primarily divided into two kinds of mode: One is the sudden change type of economic transformation that Russia was the representative, the other is the gradual mode, which China is representing. They both face the different problems. The Chinese gradual mode has passed by the early period and already been the deep-water area. Touching the rocks across the river will bring more and more severe risk of failure to the Chinese economy. The CER needs a kind of reasonable guide to lead.Not only the system economists from abroad but also the domestic researchers on transitional economics have made their efforts on the investigations to the cost of the process of the Chinese Economic Transformation. Their widespread common viewpoint on this matter is that the process of economic transformation breaks the original system and sets up the new one. The society should pay the bill for the economic transformation. To make the process of reformation efficient, the cost of the reform must be lower than the performance. But what has been said abovecannot give any instructive meaning to the practice of the Chinese Economic Transformation or be operated, either. The cost problem of economic transformation can’t be neglected during the course of it. Understanding and handling to the cost of economic transformation will influence the stability of the process and decide the success or failure of it, especially to the important attacking stage. The gradual mode of economic transformation has gained certain acquisition during the previous period and left the most tough and difficult problem staying till now. All these problems almost involve in the handling of the cost of economic transformation, such as the problems on bad property of state-owned commercial banks, the reshuffling and workers settlement of state-owned enterprises, etc. With the rational attitude and complete viewpoints, this thesis studies the course of economic transformation and analyses the cost of economic transformation based on it. The author tries to find out the theory and strategy for the stable economic transformation.The target of this thesis is-to make the cost of economic transformation clear on the ground of knowing about the process of economic transformation and brings up the related theoretical principles and strategies which can be carried out in the practice. This thesis is totally divided into five parts which contains seven chapters:The first part is chapter 1 mat introduces theories of the economic transformation and its related problems. Analyzes the meaning and the cause of the economic transformation. Also gives deep analysis of the meaning and the characteristics of the modern market economy. And gives further discussion on the change of system during the course of economic transformation. And analyze concept, the reason and the conditions of take placing, the pushing corpus, the type and mode of the economic transformation. Draw a conclusion to the system of Chinese economic transformation. Finally brings up the更多还原