【作者】 尹冠生；

【导师】 黄义；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 结构工程， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 贮仓的理论分析及试验研究工作已经进行了多年，一些学者根据试验结果及壳体理论对贮仓结构的静、动力计算提出了多种计算模式，这些计算模式均假设贮仓结构位于刚性地基上，均未考虑地基——基础——结构的相互作用影响；没有计及散体对贮仓的减振作用，对散体与贮仓的动力相互作用的研究甚少。在试验研究方面，尚未见到不同地基上的贮仓对地基振动的响应的研究资料。本文对地基——基础——贮仓结构静、动力相互作用的试验和理论分析进行了较系统的研究：对不同地基上的贮仓模型进行了静、动力实验研究；在通过对贮仓模型及实体贮仓的静、动力有限元的计算分析并与实验结果相比较的基础上，提出了考虑散体对仓体的作用时，贮仓结构的动力计算模式，进而研究了散体对仓体振动的减振作用。 本文具体进行了以下几方面的工作： 1．首次系统地进行了贮仓的动、静力实验研究。自行设计并自制了筒承式和柱承式有机玻璃筒仓模型及弹性地基的模型—海绵橡胶基，进行了在刚性及弹性地基上多种工况的静、动力实验并根据计算结果对实验条件进行修正后再次试验。 2．首次提出了散体与仓体的相互作用和对贮仓减振作用的数学模式。用有限元法对不同地基上的筒仓模型进行了静、动力分析计算。在计算筒仓模型对地基简谐运动的动力响应时，研究了散体对仓体的作用及散体对仓体的减振作用。经反复实验并比较，得出结论：筒承或柱承式筒仓仓体t在地基横向振动时，自料仓仓底向上的 70协80％的散体与仓体之间的相对 回运动可以不计，而仓内自上而下的20％～30％的散体与仓体间的相对运动必须计及；在此基础上提出了散体对贮仓减振作用的计算模式，并进行了数．值计算比较。较之刚性地基，弹性地基减小了散体与仓体间的相对运动及仓体的弯曲变形。这个结论与在模型试验中所观察到的现象是一致的，且相互间有相对运动的散粒体的数量随地基刚度的增加而减少。 3．运用有限元法对弹性地基一贮仓一散体动力相互作用进行系统分析，并得出一些有意义的结果。对筒仓模型及实体单仓、群仓进行有限元计算时，充分考虑结构各部分刚度的变化情况，将仓体及地基的各部分分别按板壳元、杆单元、梁单元、块体单元进行计算，使计算模型更加’1反映结构及地基的真实情况。‘ 4．对不同直径、不同高度的实体单仓进行了大量的、多种工况的计算。。分析的基础上，提出了计算圆型筒仓的多阶自振频率的近似计算公式。 5．考虑贮料与仓体的相互作用，提出了圆形贮仓结构自振特性的计算公式，对贮仓抗震规范关于贮仓自振特性的计算模式进行了修正。 本文涉及的实验及计算内容较多，定有考虑不周甚至错误之处。实验的结论、总结的计算模式是否完全反映筒仓结构振动的本质、其适用性如何，需在今后的实践及理论分析计算中进一步检验。更多还原

【Abstract】 The theoretical analysis and experiment research on silos have been carried out for many years. Some scholars have put forward many kinds of computing models in the static and dynamic calculating of silos structure, according to experiment results and shell theories. All these models suppose that silo structure is on the rigid foundation exclusive of the interaction of base-foundation-structure and the attenuation of silo’s vibration made by bulk solid, and therefore little research of the dynamic interaction of bulk solid and silos has been made. No research reference has yet been found as to the response of the silos on different foundation to the vibration of the foundation in the concerned experimental research. The essay makes series research on the experimental and theoretical calculation of the static and dynamic interaction of base-foundation-silo and makes static and dynamic experimental research on silo models on different foundations. After comparing the static and dynamic calculating analysis of finite element method on silo models and material subjects with experiment results, the essay provides dynamic calculating models of silo structure under the dynamic force when the effect of the force of silo wall received from bulk solid is considered. The essay also makes research on attenuation of silo’s vibration by the action of bulk solid. This paper makes the following research work:1. Make first systematic experiment research on silos in the field. Design and make tubular-support and columns-support lucite silo models as well as rubber cushion imitating elastic foundation. Make static and dynamic experiments on elastic and rigid foundations under several kinds of working condition and correct the experiment condition according to FEM calculating result and re-experiment.2. Firstly provide mathematic models on the effect of the force of silo wall relieved from bulk solid and attenuation of silo’s vibration. Use finite element method to make static and dynamic calculating analysis on silo models on different foundation. Make research on the reaction of bulk solid to silo wall and to attenuation of silo structure while the dynamic response of silo models to foundation’s simple harmonic motion is calculated. After repetitive calculating and comparing with experiment results, the conclusion is reached: for tubular-support or columns-support silo structure when foundation is moving in the horizontal direction, the relative motion between 70-80% of the bulk solid in the lower part of the stock bin and silo wall can be neglected and the relative motion between 20-30% of the bulk solid in the upper part of the stock bin and silo wall must be considered. Compared with in the rigid foundation, relative motion between bulk solid and silo wall and the bending deformation of silo wall are both reduced when silo structure is put in the elastic foundation. This conclusion is in harmony with the phenomenon observed in sample experiment and the amounts of bulk solid which have relative inter-motion reduces when the rigidity of the foundation increases.3. Use finite element method to make systematic analysis on the interaction among elastic base-silo-bulk solid and draw effective conclusions. When making finite element calculation on model silo, single silo and group silos, consider the exact change of the rigid of each section of the structure. Divide the silo body and the foundation into element of plate and shells, of truss, of beam and of brick and then make calculation so that the model can reflect the real condition of the structure and the foundation.4. Based on a lot of calculating analyses on various working condition, the thesis give the approximate calculating formula of multi-order natural frequency of vibration of round silo.5. Take consideration of the interaction of bulk solid and silo and obtain the calculating formula of the character of natural frequency of vibration of round silo, and revise the norm of the calculating for model of silo’s seismic resistance.Since th更多还原