【作者】 杨树政；

【导师】 林理彬；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 核技术及应用， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 恒星的演化与核反应有关，演化到晚期的恒星一般要损失一部分质量，然后坍缩成致密星(白矮星、中子星或黑洞)。星体经过物质抛射后，核能耗尽的恒星质量超过3M_⊙，则此星体将继续坍缩成黑洞。黑洞是广义相对论在强引力条件下的预言，X射线天体物理学的研究推动了恒星级黑洞的研究，使理论推测的黑洞成了可实在搜寻和探索的天体；使黑洞物理学建立在了坚实的基础之上。人们已经用各种可能的观察手段获得了黑洞存在的证据。在理论研究方面，人们已对黑洞的辐射等内容做了一些研究工作，有关的一些理论问题尚需深入研究。 本文对黑洞辐射效应及其相关问题进行了研究。其中，通过对一类具有质量多极矩的黑洞的非热辐射效应的研究得到了一些有意义的新结果，发现了一类新的Dirac能级和一类新的Dirac能级交错区，这种新的Dirac能级交错区的出现导致非热辐射的发生，在一些方向上出现辐射能量很大的非热辐射。这在国内外均未见报道。又得到了黑洞的非热辐射在宇宙中传播时要受星际物质的影响，尤以星际气体的影响更为突出。非热辐射粒子的平均射程与非热辐射粒子的能量范围成正比、与星际气体的密度成反比；对动态黑洞和一类具有质量多极矩的稳态黑洞而言，非热辐射粒子的平均射程还与方向有关。这些都是首次报道的新结果。本文对一类具有质量多极矩的Manko黑洞的视界温度进行了研究，准确地计算出此类黑洞的热辐射温度在视界上除内禀奇点处外是常数，而在黑洞视界面的内禀奇点附近的视界温度出现异常值，并对这种温度分布的现象作了合理的解释。这是具有创新意义的结论。同时，对一类动态黑洞非热辐射的研究表明，动态黑洞的非热辐射具有方向性，在不同的方向上，非热辐射粒子的能量范围不同，在这方面得出的非热辐射粒子的最大能量的精确表达 四）【I大学博士学位论文 式等内容都是创新的和有意义的结果。另外，本文还求出了一类用扁椭球坐标 表示的荷电黑洞时空中的电磁四维势矢量，从而成功地求解了此类弯曲时空中 的HH方程，得到了这种非热辐射粒子能量范围的精确表达式，从而对这类 黑洞的非热辐射特征进行了研究。总的说来，以上几方面的新结论对于研究黑 洞物理学具有一定的意义，并为研究和探索黑洞提供了一些新的方法和线索。更多还原

【Abstract】 The evolution of fixed star having something to do with nuclear reaction, the star generally loses partial mass in its final period and finally collapses into compact star (white dwarf, neutron star or black hole). After the process of matter ejection stellar body will continue collapsing into black hole if the mass of the nuclear-energy-exhausted star is more than 3 MQ. Black hole is the prediction of general relativity on the condition of great gravitation. As the research of X-ray astrophysics, the research of black hole has been made rapid progress, providing substantial basis for black hole physics and making exploring and researching black hole be front-line subjects. In fields of observation and measurement, scientists have examined the existence of black hole. People also have made a series of researching theoretical work on black hole’s radiation etc., while relative issues need being studied furtherly.In this paper, researches on black hole’s radiation effect and relative issues including the nonthermal effect of the black hole with mass multipole moment, there exists a new kind of Dirac energy levels and the crossing region of Dirac energy levels. The advent of the region leads to the occurrence of nonthermal radiation and even with great energy in some directions, which hasn’t been reported both domestic and abroad, and when spreading in universe, black hole’s nonthermal radiation is influenced by stellar matter, in which stellar gas is very apparent. The average range of nonthermal radiation particles is direct proportion to the energy extent of nonthermal radiation particle, but also inverse proportion to the density of stellar gas,however, to the stationary black hole with mass multipole moment and nonstationary black hole, the average range of their nonthermal radiation particle still has something to do with direction, which are the new results reported firstly. Through the event horizon temperature of a kind of Manko black hole with mass multipole moment can derive that the value is a constant except singular points, near which the temperature values are irregular. As one of the novel conclusions, such phenomena about the distribution has been paid reasonable explanation. The studies on the nonthermal radiation of a kind of nonstationary black holes show that it owns the characteristics of direction and the energy extent of the radiation particles varies in different direction, in which aspect can get some new and meaningful results, namely the exact expressions on the maximum energy of the particle. Besides, successfully calculating the electromagnetic four-potential in the spacetime of charged black hole expressed by the generalized spherical coordinate and furtherly solving the H-J equation of such spacetime make it possible to get the exact description of the energy extent of nonthermal radiation particle and to study the characteristics of such black hole’s nonthermal radiation. Wholly speaking, all above new conclusions are relatively significant for black hole physics and providing some new methods and clues for further researching black holes.更多还原