【作者】 冯丕红；

【导师】 李建华；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 伦理学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 人是道德承续中的理性存在,道德承续是全球性伦理现象,生活世界不能没有道德承续。道德承续指的是在同一民族共同体中,人们立足于当下,以所处时代的需求和价值取向为标准,对历史上或前人留下来的伦理道德精神、价值、理念、规范等资源进行评估、选择并以批判继承的方式进行创造性转化(换),以为人的发展和完善服务的过程。它既是道德生态中的客观现象,也是人的主观实践行为。道德承续不会无缘无故的发生,道德生态中的道德传统、道德基因、道德教育以及道德堕距都与之有着千丝万缕的联系：道德传统是道德承续发生的背景,道德基因是道德承续发生的基础,道德教育是道德承续发生的保障,道德堕距是道德承续发生的动因。道德承续的发生过程按顺序可以分为四个阶段：首先,审查并明晰道德生态要求；其次,选择并评估伦理道德遗产(主要是道德传统)；再次,提炼并复制道德基因；最后,结合生态要求赋予道德基因以时代精神。该过程具有三个基本特征：以人为本是道德承续的价值旨归；承启超越是道德承续对象蜕变表现出的特征；道德承续具有明确的目标、完整的要素和系统的运行机制,本身具有完备性。道德生态对道德承续影响深远,道德承续只有在道德生态之中才能被准确、全面、客观地认识和把握。所谓的道德生态指的是道德与政治、经济等其他平等的多元因子构成的一个具有内在关联性、整体性、共生互动性、自我生长性、开放性和具体性的有机体系。以是否平衡或者自足为依据,道德生态可以分为自足型道德生态和失衡型道德生态两类。自足型道德生态是诸元构成因子之间能够彼此配合、相互协调,总体上趋于平衡或自足的道德生态。失衡型道德生态是诸元构成因子之间互相挚肘或者彼此脱离,总体上不具有平衡性或自足性的道德生态。对于一个民族而言,其历史发展每当处于平滑稳定期的时候,其所对应的道德生态基本上都是自足型的道德生态,其历史发展每当处于转折过渡时期的时候,其所对应的道德生态基本上都是失衡的道德生态。在自足型的道德生态中,道德承续主要体现为客观的伦理现象,道德承续本身不成其为问题,无需过多的人为干预。在失衡型道德生态中,道德承续主要体现为主观的实践行为,道德承续问题突出,需要依循规律的人为干预。道德承续需遵循一定的原则、路径和方法。道德承续的原则从不同的方面可以进行不同概括,我们不能够也没必要一一穷尽,但正视道德生态运行规律、批判继承伦理道德遗产、以人的完善和发展为价值取向无疑是最基本的；某一民族共同体在日常生活中通常会形成一些对伦理道德遗产进行批判继承以为当下所用的稳定的载体或者渠道,这些载体或渠道其实就是道德承续的路径,家教家风、习俗社教以及宗教信仰是最常见、最基础的道德承续路径；遵循道德承续的原则并充分利用道德承续基本路径是道德承续的宏观方法,批判继承道德单元及其道德命题是道德承续的微观方法。在建设优秀传统文化传承体系,弘扬中华优秀传统文化的时代背景下,我国目前至未来一段时间道德建设是围绕着伦理道德文化传统及其再生展开的,道德承续作为一种道德建设的可能范式,可以助力未来中国道德建设。更多还原

【Abstract】 Man is a rational being in moral inheritance. Moral inheritance is a global ethical phenomenon and the life world cannot live without it. Moral inheritance means, in the same ethnic community people based on the present, to the needs of the time it is a standard and value orientation, in history or predecessors to stay ethical spirit, value, idea, principle and other resources to evaluate, select and creatively transform on the basis of critical inheritance, serving for the process of human development and improvement. It is not only the objective phenomenon in moral ecology, but also man’s subjective practice.Moral inheritance did happen with a reason. Moral tradition, moral meme, moral education and moral lag in moral ecology are all related to each other:Moral tradition is the background of the moral inheritance. Moral meme is the basis of moral inheritance. Moral education is the guarantee of moral inheritance. Moral lag is the motivation of the moral inheritance. There have four phases during the process of moral inheritance:first, to review and clear moral ecological requirements; Secondly, selecting and evaluating ethical and moral heritage (mainly moral tradition); Then to refine and copy the moral meme; finally, combining ecological requirements give moral meme with time spirit. The process has three basic characteristics:people-oriented is the value orientation of morals inheritance; Period is beyond moral bear the object changes show the characteristics of; Moral inheritance seemed to have clear goals, complete factors and systemic operating mechanism, itself has the completeness.Moral ecology has had a profound impact on moral inheritance, only in which the moral inheritance can be understood and grasped comprehensively and objectively. The so-called moral ecology refers to the moral and political, economic and other equal multivariate factors constitute an organic system, which has intrinsic relevance, integrity, symbiotic interaction, self growing, openness, and concreteness. Based on whether balance or self-sufficiency, moral ecology can be divided into self-sufficient moral ecology and imbalanced moral ecology. Self-sufficient moral ecology is a moral ecology whose constitute factors can cooperate and coordinate with each other. Overall it tends to be balanced or self-sufficient. Imbalanced moral ecology is on the contrary. For a nation, its historical development when there is a smooth, stability, its corresponding moral ecology is basically the self-sufficient moral ecology. But when its historical development in the period of transition, the corresponding moral ecology is basically the imbalanced moral ecology. In the self-sufficient moral ecology of type, moral inheritance mainly embodied in the object ethical phenomenon, moral inheritance itself is not a problem, without too much human intervention. In imbalanced moral ecology, moral inheritance is mainly embodied in the subjective practice, and it needs to follow the law of human intervention because of its prominent problem.Moral inheritance needs to follow certain principles, paths and methods. Certain principles of moral inheritance can be different from different perspectives, we can not, but it is not necessary to list all the principles, it is undoubtedly that the most fundamental values are to face the moral ecology ethics rules, to critical inheritance and to serve for the process of human development and improvement. Typically form an ethnic community in daily life of ethical and moral heritage by some critical inheritance thought that at present used the stability of the carrier or channels. These carrier or channels are actually the paths of moral inheritance. Family education, convention and religious belief are the most common and familiar, also the most basic paths of moral inheritance. Following the principle of moral inheritance and making full use of these paths are the macro-approach. Critically inheriting moral element and its moral topic are the micro-approach of moral inheritance.In the historical background of constructing the excellent traditional culture inheritance system and carrying forward the Chinese excellent traditional culture. Our country at present to the future for a period of time of moral construction is surrounded by the moral traditions and its regeneration. Moral inheritance as a possible paradigm of moral construction can help Chinese moral construction in the future.更多还原