【作者】 王先亮；

【导师】 张瑞林；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 体育管理科学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 做强做大体育用品业是体育强国战略的重要组成部分,当前我国体育用品业面临着自主创新、升级换代和品牌塑造的机遇与挑战,而体育用品共性技术创新与应用具有举足轻重的作用,对于我国体育用品行业管理、自主创新、升级换代与可持续发展等意义重大。本文通过体育用品共性技术创新与应用研究,旨在建立体育用品共性技术创新与应用体系,促进体育用品科技创新与行业管理工作的系统深入。本文以体育科学、管理科学、产业经济学、技术经济学等理论为指导,运用对比分析与综合研究、理论研究与实证分析等方法,对体育用品共性技术的基础理论、技术创新、技术应用和案例进行研究,形成了体育用品共性技术创新与应用的理论体系和实践应用体系。首先,本文通过对产业共性技术、科技创新等研究成果的梳理,建立了体育用品共性技术的基本理论体系,明确了本文的研究范围和理论基础。其次,根据创新理论,研究了体育用品共性技术的创新机理、动力机制、创新过程、创新范式、创新组织,明确了创新的本质、创新源动力、创新程序、创新耦合机制、创新层次结构和创新保障体系；依据创新扩散、知识转移等理论,研究了体育用品共性技术的应用过程、应用组织、应用激励和应用评价,形成了包括应用程序、组织保障、激励机制和评价机制在内的应用体系。最后,对国家体育用品工程技术研究中心进行了案例分析,对体育用品共性技术创新与应用进行了验证。论文共分为7章：第1章导论,主要分析了体育用品共性技术创新与应用研究的背景,提出了研究的理论意义与实际意义,梳理了国内外共性技术、产业共性技术和体育用品共性技术的研究成果并进行了评述,介绍了论文研究的总体思路、研究方法和创新点。第2章体育用品共性技术的特征、分类与识别,明确了体育用品共性技术的特征与类别,提出了共性技术识别的方法。第3章体育用品共性技术创新,从创新理论、动力、过程、范式和组织五个方面进行了分析,运用创新理论,探讨体育用品共性技术创新的特征与作用,分析了创新的本质所在。通过象限划分法区分了共性技术创新类别,并建立了不同类别共性技术创新的动力机制。根据霍尔三维结构分析框架,从时间、逻辑和知识三个维度划分了创新过程,并借助于问卷调查对创新过程进行了验证。沿着线性、网络和复杂创新范式的发展脉络,分析了体育用品共性技术创新的复杂范式和耦合创新机制,并建立了包括核心层、链条层、生态层与主体层的创新体系结构。依据创新体系结构划分和组织理论,建立针对不同层次的创新组织。第4章体育用品共性技术应用,在分析体育用品共性技术应用内涵、内容和特征的基础上,重点研究体育用品共性技术应用的过程、组织、激励和评价,建立体育用品共性技术的应用体系。根据技术扩散、知识转移等研究分析框架,明确了体育用品共性技术应用的基本过程：技术获取、技术吸收、技术应用和技术融合,提出了不同环节管理的重点,并运用调查问卷对应用过程进行了验证。从技术性质、规律、环境等要素出发,设计了体育用品共性技术应用的宏观和微观组织,建立了四种组织模式,提出共性技术应用的学习模型和测度方法。结合激励理论分析了体育用品共性技术应用激励,根据人性假设提出了企业属性假设(经济型、创新型、品牌型和社会型),构建了政府、企业和市场激励机制。根据平衡计分卡(BSC)、鱼骨图法和层次分析法,构建了体育用品共性技术评价体系。第5章案例研究,结合国家体育用品工程技术研究中心的个案分析,验证了前文对于共性技术创新与应用的理论,提供了共性技术创新与应用的新思路。第6章体育用品共性技术创新与应用对策研究,结合体育用品共性技术创新与应用的理论研究、实证分析,提出了体育用品共性技术创新与应用的对策。第7章结论与展望,总结了全文的研究结论,分析了研究的不足,提出了未来研究展望。论文得出的主要结论为：第一,体育用品共性技术具有先进性、基础性、外部性、风险性、运动性特征,阶段、效果、功能和种类四种划分方法,可以采用技术预见法和层次分析法识别和选择体育用品共性技术。第二,体育用品共性技术创新具有基础性、复杂性和重要性,在自主创新、品牌塑造、产业升级和产业管理方面具有重要意义。第三,在象限动力分类方法下,各类体育用品共性技术的创新动力不同,其创新机制是以内在动力为核心、以管理动力和竞争动力为两翼、以消费动力为方向的体系。第四,体育用品共性技术创新具有时间、逻辑和知识维度上的“三维创新过程”,其创新属于复杂创新范式,是体育用品知识、技术和信息的“耦合创新机制”,存在设想化、知识化、技术化和实用化运行体系。第五,体育用品共性技术创新体系是包括核心层、链条层、生态层和主体层的层次结构,创新层次组织模式为核心层扁平型组织、链条层创新链组织、生态层区域共占型技术创新网络、主体层多模式组合。第六,体育用品共性技术应用具有知识化、选择性、差异化、融合化特征,其内部流程包括技术获取、技术吸收、技术应用和技术融合四个环节。第七,体育用品共性技术应用具有“四元组织模式”：一体应用、分离应用、联合应用和平台应用,其“层次学习模型”包括知识层、应用层和管理层三个层次。第八,体育用品“企业属性假设”为经济型、创新型、品牌型和社会型,对于体育用品共性技术应用激励可以按照不同需求采用包括政府激励、企业激励和市场激励的“三元激励机制”。第九,建议提升体育用品共性技术创新与应用水平应优化管理体制,建立系统化体育用品共性技术创新体系,设立体育用品共性技术创新专项计划,构建体育用品共性技术创新平台,创造体育用品共性技术创新生态系统,建设体育用品共性技术应用体系,完善体育用品共性技术应用机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 It was an important part of Powerful Sports Nation that making the sports goods industry stronger and bigger. Currently, the sports goods industry faced the opportunities and challenges which include innovation, upgrading and branding. The innovation and application of the generic technology plays a decisive role in the sports goods industry management, innovation, upgrading and sustainable development. By study on the Sporting Goods generic technology innovation and application, this paper aimed at establishing sports generic technology innovation and application system, promoted the sports goods industry innovation and management system.In this paper, in the guidance of the sports science, management science, industrial economics, technology and economics theory, used of comparative analysis and comprehensive research methods, theoretical research and empirical analysis, studied the sports goods generic technology theory, innovation, application and case, formed the theoretical and practical system sporting goods generic technology innovation and application. Firstly, through combing research of the industrial generic technology, technological innovation, this paper established the theoretical system of the sports goods generic technology, defined the scope of the study and the theoretical basis of this article. Secondly, based on innovation theory, this paper studied the innovation mechanism, dynamic mechanism the process of innovation, innovation paradigm, innovation organization, defined the innovation essence, source of power, programs, coupling mechanism, hierarchy security system. According to the theory of innovation diffusion and knowledge transfer, this paper studied application process, organization, evaluation and incentives formed the application system including the application form, organization, incentives and evaluation mechanisms. Finally, studied the case of National Sporting Goods Engineering Research Center, verified the innovation and application of sports goods generic technology.The thesis was divided into7chapters:Chapter1introduction analyzed the background, presented theoretical and practical significance of the study, analyzed the necessity and basic content of sports goods generic technology research, described the general idea, research methods and innovations thesis. Chapter2feature, classification and identification of sports goods generic technology. Cleared the feature and classification of Sports Goods Generic Technology, proposed the recognition method for generic technology. Chapter3sports goods generic technology innovation. From innovation theory, power, process and paradigm, the chapter explore the status, characteristics and effects of sports goods generic technology innovation with innovation theory, analyzed the essence of innovation. Divided the categories of sports goods generic technology innovation by law distinction, and established the innovation dynamic mechanism of different categories. According to Hall-dimensional structural analysis framework, divided the innovation process from the time, logic and knowledge; verified the innovation process by means of a questionnaire survey. Along development context with linear, complex networks and innovative paradigm, analyzed the complexity paradigm and innovative mechanisms, established innovation architecture including the core layer, the chain layer, the subject layer and the ecological layer. According to the structure and organization theory, established the innovation organization for different levels. Chapter4sports goods generic technology applications, based on the analysis of generic technology applications, content and features, focused on the process organization, motivation and evaluation of sports goods generic technology applications, established the sports goods generic technology applications. Based on the analytical framework of technology diffusion and knowledge transfer, cleared the basic process of sports goods generic technology applications:technology acquisition, technology absorption, technology applications and technology integration, presented the management focus on different aspects, and verified the application process with the questionnaire. From technology factors such as the habitude discipline and environment, designed macro and micro organizations of sports goods generic technology applications, established4organizational model, proposed learning model and measurement methods of sports goods generic technology applications. Analyzed the incentives for sports goods generic technology applications, proposed the corporate attribute assumption(economical, innovative, brand-and community-based)based on the Humanity Hypothesis constructed government, business and market incentives. According to the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), fishbone diagram method and AHP, constructed evaluation system of the sports goods generic technology application. Chapter5case studies, combined with the cases of the National Sporting Goods Engineering Research Center, verified the generic innovation and application theory, provided new ideas of generic technology innovation and application. Chapter6sports goods generic technology innovation and application of countermeasures, this chapter proposed specific measures to develop the sports goods generic technology innovation and applications, combined with theoretical and empirical analysis. Chapter7conclusions and outlook summarized the conclusions, analyzed the shortcomings of the study and proposed future research prospects.Main conclusions were drawn as follows:first, sports goods generic technology had advanced, basic, externalities, risk and athletic features, had four classification methods including stage, effects, function and types, predictable method and AHP can be used to identify and select sports goods generic technology. Second, sports goods generic technology innovation had basic, complexity and importance features which had great significance in independent innovation, branding, industrial upgrading and industrial management. Third, with the quadrant power classification methods, different sports different generic technology had its innovative power; its mechanism was within the power of innovation as the core competitive power, the power to manage and competitiveness as wings, the consumption power as the direction. Fourth, sports goods generic technology innovation had time, logic and knowledge dimension "D innovation process", the innovation was a complex innovation paradigm, was" coupled innovative mechanisms" including sports knowledge, technology and information, there was a vision, knowledge, technical and practical operation system. Fifth, the generic technology innovation system was layers structure including core layer, chain layer, ecology layer and subject layer, the corresponding innovation organizational model was flat organization, innovation chains organization, region accounted for innovation network organization, Multi-mode combinations organization. Sixth, sports goods generic technology application had knowledgeable and selective, differentiation and integration features, the process included four links:technology acquisition, absorption, applications and convergence. Seventh, sports goods generic technology applications had "four organizational models":one application, separation applications, the combination of applications and platforms applications, the "hierarchical model of learning" included knowledge layer, application layer, and management layer. Eighth," the corporate attribute assumption " of sporting goods were economy, innovation, brand and community-based; the applications incentives may adopt "Three incentives" including government incentives, business incentives and market incentives. Ninth, if enhance sports goods generic technology innovation and application, we should optimize the management system, establish systematic innovation system, set up special plan on sports goods generic technology innovation, build generic technology platform for innovation, create generic technology innovation ecosystems, construct generic technology application system and improve the mechanism of generic technology applications.更多还原