雷锋精神的历史考察

【作者】 蒋晓侠；

【导师】 李松林；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 学界对雷锋精神及相关问题的研究已有丰硕成果,但也显现出一些明显的不足。其中重要之点就是现有的研究更多地着眼于“现实的视角”来探讨雷锋精神问题,鲜有从“历史的视角”进行探讨的相关研究。坚持马克思主义的唯物史观,必然要求我们在研究任何事物时都要考查它的历史起源和它的前提,研究雷锋精神亦应如此。基于此认识,本文坚持马克思主义唯物史观、社会认识论和价值论相统一的基本立场、观点和方法,以“雷锋精神的历史考察”为主要研究对象,以经济政治体制和人的思想价值观的变迁为切入点,探析经济体制、政治制度的转变、人的思想价值观的转换以及人之内在生成对雷锋精神的影响和作用,并由此考察雷锋精神的历史演变轨迹和演变规律。力图回答如下三个基本问题：一是雷锋精神演变的历史轨迹是什么?二是雷锋精神演变过程中蕴含了哪些规律?三是这些规律性认识对当下弘扬雷锋精神、培养和践行社会主义核心价值观、提升社会道德水平有何启示?针对这三个问题,论文以马克思主义唯物史观和唯物辩证法为主要研究方法,同时综合运用文献研究、多学科交叉等具体研究方法,形成了“厘清核心概念——探究发生逻辑——理析经验规律——提出改进策略”的分析思路。论文的基本结论有三：第一,随着时代变迁,雷锋精神的内涵在不断丰富发展的同时,雷锋精神也由20世纪60年代的“热”到“文革”时期演变为“正”与“邪”的较量,再到改革开放时期呈现出由“疑”到“冷”、再到“冷热交织”、再度走热的历史演变轨迹。第二,雷锋精神的发展过程内含着三个规律性认识,即“三个统一”：雷锋精神的演变与人们的思想变迁和价值观转换相统一,雷锋精神的演变与人们的利益诉求方向相统一,雷锋精神的演变与人的全面发展进程相统一。第三,现阶段弘扬雷锋精神的重要意义和路径。按照以上研究思路,本文逻辑结构主要包括三个部分,分别是导论、正文五章和结论。导论部分,主要包括问题缘起、相关研究现状综述、选题意义、相关概念界定和问题说明、论文研究思路和研究方法、创新之处等。正文分为五章：第一章是本文的逻辑起点,首先从党和国家领导人的题词和讲话解读雷锋精神的内涵,概括雷锋精神内涵演变的过程,指出雷锋精神内涵的精髓即友善奉献；进而分析了雷锋精神的基点和实质,指出感恩是雷锋精神产生的原动力,报恩是感恩意识的实践转向,服务人民是感恩意识的升华和雷锋精神的实质；最后概括了雷锋精神的主要特征,即雷锋精神是民族性和时代性的结合、先进性和普遍性的结合、实践性和群众性的结合。第二章对20世纪60年代的“雷锋热”进行考察,分析了60年代初期雷锋精神产生的宏观背景和微观条件,凝练了60年代学雷锋的盛况与经验教训。第三章：“文革”和两年徘徊时期雷锋精神“正”与“邪”的较量。“文革”对国民经济、民主法治、教育、思想和人际关系的破坏,使得雷锋精神被淡化。由于这一时期“左”的极端思想占据了整个社会意识形态的主导地位,反映在弘扬雷锋精神上,就使得雷锋形象被丑化、雷锋精神被扭曲和极端化。本章主要剖析了“文革”期间雷锋精神淡化的社会背景,雷锋精神演绎为“正”与“邪”对立的原因及表现,进一步分析了两年徘徊中由“雷锋叔叔不在了”到学雷锋活动的恢复、提出学雷锋树新风活动等,也为“文革”结束后雷锋精神的继续坚持和弘扬奠定了基础。第四章：改革开放时期雷锋精神“冷”与“热”的交织。首先探讨了改革开放初期学术界开展的一场雷锋精神的大讨论,分析了“怀疑论”、“过时论”、“雷锋精神与时俱进”几种观点。重点分析了市场经济建立过程中雷锋精神遭“质疑”和“冷遇”的原因、表现和负面影响。新时期通过对雷锋精神的再认识和学雷锋情况的考察,通过对雷锋精神“冷”“热”交织的反思,总结了新时期的“雷锋热”与上世纪60年代“雷锋热”的异同,以及新时期学雷锋活动存在的问题。第五章：探索雷锋精神的历史演变与弘扬雷锋精神的意义和路径。本章是本选题的重点和落脚点,在以上各章对雷锋精神历史演变轨迹分析的基础上,进-步概括指出雷锋精神发生演变的主要原因,揭示了雷锋精神历史演变的规律,分析新时期弘扬雷锋精神的意义,即为培育和践行社会主义核心价值观赋予力量,为实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦注入不竭动力,为推进良好社会心态建设提供正能量。探讨了现阶段弘扬雷锋精神的路径。结束语部分,对全文进行了概括总结,指出本文研究的不足之处和有待进-步探讨的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies of Lei Feng spirit and related issues have been fruitful,But also show some obvious deficiencies.One more important point is the existing research focuses on the perspective of "reality" to explore the problem Lei Feng spirit, rarely from the perspective of "history" carries on the discussion of the related research.Sticking to Marx’s historical materialism, it is necessary for us to explore the historical roots and its premise in study on anything, Lei Feng spirit should be so.Based on above understanding, this paper insists on the basic position, viewpoint and method of Marx materialism, social cognition theory and value theory, to regard "the Historical Survey of Lei Feng spirit" as the main object research, to take the changes in the economic system and the ideological values as the breakthrough point, to analysis the influence and function to Lei Feng spirit that comes from economic system, political system, the conversion of ideas and values, to survey the historical evolution and thus the track of the Lei Feng spirit.Try to answer the following three questions:First,what is the evolution track of the Lei Feng spirit?Second, which rules contained in the process of Lei Leng spirit evolution?Thirdly, what significance have the regularity understandings on the Lei Feng spirit in cultivating and practicing socialist core values and in enhancing social morality level?According to these three questions,basing on the Marx materialism and dialectical materialism as the main research method, at the same time, the integrated use of literature research, including interdisciplinary research methods, I form a approach of "clarify the core concepts-exploring Logic--analysis of experience rule--put forward the improvement strategy".There are three basic conclusions:First, with the changes of the times, the conception of Lei Feng spirit becomes constantly enrich and develop, and the spirit of Lei Feng from the twentieth Century60’s "hot" to the "Cultural Revolution" period for the evolution of the "good" and "evil" contest, and from"suspect" to "cold" in the market economy background, then to "hot and cold mixed", again on the thermal history evolution.Second, the development of the Lei Feng spirit contains three regular rules, namely, the "three unified":The evolution of the Lei Feng spirit and the transformation of people’s thought and values are unified;The evolution of the Lei Feng spirit unifies with the interests direction of the people pursuit;The evolution of the Lei Feng spirit unifies with man’s all-round development.Third,the significance and paths to carry forward the Lei Feng’s spirit at this stage.According to the above research, this thesis includes three parts:the introduction, five chapters and conclusion.The introduction part, mainly includes the origin of the problem, research status, significance, definition of related concepts and description of the problem, the research ideas and research methods, innovation and so on.First of all, the first chapter interprets the connotation and connotation evolution of the Lei Feng spirit from the party and state leaders inscription and speech, pointing out that the essence of Le iFeng spirit connotation is kindness and dedication,and further analyzing the basis and essence of Lei Feng spirit. Pointing out that gratitude is a motive force of the Lei Feng spirit, gratitude is the practice of gratitude consciousness, serving the people is the sublimation of gratitude consciousness and the essence of Lei Feng spirit. Finally sums up the main characteristic of Lei Feng spirit, namely, Lei Feng spirit is the combination of nationality and time, advancement and universality, practical and mass.The second chapter investigates the "Lei Feng hot" in the1960’s, and analyzes the macroscopic background and microscopic conditions, and sums up the experiences and lessons.The third chapter: Lei Feng spirit "good" and "evil" contest in the "Cultural Revolution" and two years of wandering. The "Cultural Revolution" damaged to the national economy, democracy and the rule of law, education, ideological and interpersonal relationship, the Lei Feng spirit is weakened.Since the extreme "left" thinking dominated the whole social ideology, reflected in the spirit of Lei Feng, the image of Lei Feng were vilified in this period, Lei Feng spirit is distorted and extreme.This chapter mainly discusses the "social background of Lei Feng spirit is weakened during the Cultural Revolution", the cause and the performance of Lei Feng spirit into "good" and "evil". Further analyzes the two years of wandering from the "Lei Feng uncle wasn’t" to learn Lei Feng activities recovery, putting forward "learning Lei Feng, Setting up fresh air" activity, also laying a solid foundation for continuing to adhere to and carry forward the Lei Feng spirit after "Cultural Revolution".The fourth chapter: Lei Feng spirit goes "cold" and "hot" in the period of reform and opening up.The academia has carried out a big discussion of the Lei Feng spirit at the beginning of reform and opening up.Mainly analyzed several opinions,such as the "skepticism","outdated theory","Lei Feng spirit to keep pace with the Times". Focus on the analysis of the "question" and "cold", the manifestations and negative influence of Lei Feng spirit in the process of the market economy establishment.Through the re-recognition and survey of the Lei Feng spirit in the new period, reflecting the "cold" and "hot"of Lei Feng spirit, summing up the similarities and differences of "Lei Feng hot" between the new era and in the1960’s, as well as the problems existing in the study of Lei Feng in the new period.The fifth chapter: the historical evolution of Lei Feng spirit and the significance and paths to carry forward the Lei Feng spirit.This chapter is the key point of this paper and the foothold, basing on the analysis of the evolution of Lei Feng spirit above chapters, and further pointing out that the evolution of the main reasons for Lei Feng spirit, revealing the rules of historical evolution of the Lei feng spirit. Analyzing the significance of carrying forward the Lei Feng spirit in the new period, namely giving power for cultivating and practicing the socialist core values, driving inexhaustible force for realizing China Dream, providing positive energy for promoting the construction of good social mentality. Discussing the significance and paths to carry forward the Lei Feng spirit.The conclusion part, on the full text summarization, this paper points out the deficiencies, problems and remains to be further discussed.更多还原