【作者】 吴建国；

【导师】 邓名瑛；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 中国哲学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 政治哲学俨然已成为当今时代的显学,学术界对政治哲学的研究越来越热闹,在这种热闹的学术研究氛围中,可以发现,通过对中国传统政治哲学的研究,为当下中国政治哲学的理论建构提供本土资源,也是一条极为重要的研究路径。本文以《先秦儒家政治哲学研究》为题,正是这种研究氛围直接催生的结果。笔者寄望这一研究能为中国政治哲学的理论建设奉献微薄的力量。先秦儒家政治哲学是指先秦儒家对先秦政治及政治生活本质规律的把握和凝炼的基础上形成的思想体系。这一思想体系的目的在于,创立者们力图为人们认识、反思政治与政治生活的正当性提供价值标准,为人们的政治实践提供方法论的指导,引领人们进行政治生活的价值追求。本论文研究的主要内容,概括起来有三个方面：第一部分,对先秦儒家政治哲学产生的时代背景作了系统考察,其主要内容涉及到春秋战国时期经济、政治和文化等方面,指出了春秋战国时期经济、政治和文化的变化,对先秦儒家政治哲学的产生提供了土壤,并规定了先秦儒家政治哲学的学术旨趣、基本内容,合理与不足。第二部分,对先秦儒家政治哲学的理论基础从本体论和人性论两个方面进行了考察与分析。中国传统哲学的本体论是价值本体论,这种本体论重在为人的生命存在于生命活动确立价值之源,当然政治生活和政治行为也是人的生命存在和生命活动的重要方式,因而,传统哲学的本体论同样也为政治生活和政治活动提供价值依据。从儒学天人合一的逻辑架构出发,儒家的天道本体与人性是关联在一起的,本体论与人性论的贯通,直接将本体世界与人的生活世界联系在一起,从而解决作为价值追求的本体如何落实于人的现实行为的问题。这个问题实际上体现为与本体论紧密联系在一起的功夫论问题。第三部分,对先秦儒家政治哲学的主要内容做了系统分析与概括。笔者认为,先秦儒家政治哲学围绕政治生活、政治行为的“应然”而展开,具体表现为政治生活的理想状态、政治行为的价值追求、政治关系的价值定位和政治行为的价值规范等四个方面。在政治生活的理想状态方面,孔孟荀以及《中庸》虽各有不同看法,但总体上追求和谐是他们共同的价值诉求。无论是孔子的大同小康,还是孟子的王道仁政,也无论是《中庸》的“道并行而不悖,万物并育而不相害”,还是荀子的“一天下”,都体现了对和谐的追求。就政治的价值目标而言,儒者主张政治行为应该体现为“正其不正以归于正”,即对社会层级以及基于不同社会层级的权利与义务的肯定与认可,这以孔子的“正名”思想为标志。儒者认为政治的价值还体现,政治行为应该成就个体的完美人格,并体现兼济天下的价值承担,修己成己、成人成物、化成天下应该成为政治生活永恒的价值追求。就政治关系的价值定位而言,儒者主张民贵君轻、君臣有义,并提出了系统的为君为臣之道。最后,关于政治行为的价值规范亦即政治行为中的价值选择问题,儒者尊崇“尊王贱霸”、“义以制利”和以公为先的价值原则。王霸之辩、义利之辩、公私之辩系统体现了先秦儒家的政治规范思想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Political philosophy seems to have become the modern era school of learning, academic study of political philosophy more lively, academic research in this lively atmosphere, can be found through the study of Chinese traditional political philosophy, political philosophy to contemporary China theoretical construct to provide local resources, but also a very important research path. In this paper,"pre-Qin Confucian philosophy of politics" in the title, it is this atmosphere directly spawned research results. I hope that this study will dedicate meager strength of theoretical construction of Chinese political philosophy.Pre-Qin Confucian political philosophy is the basis for the formation of ideology pre-Qin Confucian grasp of politics and political life of the law of nature and concisely on. The purpose of this ideology, the creation of awareness for people who are trying to reflect on the legitimacy of politics and political life provide value standard methodology to provide guidance for the people’s political practice, leading people to value the pursuit of political life. The main contents of this thesis, summed up in three aspects:The first part of the background pre-Qin Confucian political philosophy produced a systematic study, its main contents related to the economic, political and cultural aspects of the Warring States period, pointing out changes in economic, political and cultural Spring and Autumn Period of pre-Qin Confucian political generate philosophy provides the soil, and provides academic pre-Qin Confucian political philosophy purport basic content, reasonable and shortcomings. The second part of the theoretical basis of the pre-Qin Confucian political philosophy were investigated and analyzed from two aspects of ontology and human nature. Chinese traditional philosophy ontology is the value of ontology, which focuses on human ontological source of establishing the value of life exists in life activities, of course, the existence of political life and human life and behavior is also an important way of life activities, therefore, the traditional philosophical ontology also provides the basis for the political value of life and political activities. From a logical framework starting Confucianism Heaven, Heaven Confucian human body and is associated with the ontology and theory of human nature through direct contact with the human body in the world live in the world together to solve as the value of the pursuit of body how to implement the behavior of the human reality of the issue. This problem is actually embodied in close contact with the ontology of effort on the problem together.The third part of the main contents of the pre-Qin Confucian political philosophy to do system analysis and generalization. The author believes that the pre-Qin Confucian political philosophy around political life, political behavior "ought" and launched a concrete manifestation of the ideal state of political life, the pursuit of political behavior of the four values, values orientation and political behavior of political relations value norms aspects. In terms of the ideal state of political life, Confucius, Mencius, and "moderate" views are quite different, but in general the pursuit of harmony is their common value demands. Whether it is a well Datong Confucius, Mencius王道仁政,but also whether it is "moderate" and "road parallel without paradox, all things together without harm", or XunZi "one world", reflects the harmony of pursuit. On the value of the target in terms of politics, political behavior should reflect Confucian ideas as "positive it is not correct to attribute positive" that the social hierarchy and the rights and obligations based on different levels of social affirmation and recognition, which Confucius’s "name" Thought To mark. Confucians believe that political values also reflected the political behavior should accomplishments perfect personality of the individual, and to reflect the value of commitment and the world economy, cultivate oneself into himself, into adult material, into the world should be the eternal pursuit of political life. Positioning on the value of political relations, the Confucians advocate people the Monarch, monarch sense and made a minister of the Wangdao王道.Finally, the value of which is about the norms of political behavior and political behavior have value choice, Confucians respected "Zunwang cheap tyrants,""justice system to benefit" principles and values to the public for the first. Hegemony of the debate, the debate Righteousness, the public-private debate reflects the political system specification Confucian thought.更多还原