【作者】 孙俐；

【导师】 胡亚敏；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 本文以陈寅恪的文学研究方法为研究对象,通过梳理陈寅恪具体的文学研究实践和相关文学理论的论述,概括出其特殊的文学研究方法,并在中国传统学术文化和西方思想理论中追寻陈寅恪文学研究方法的渊源,考察陈寅恪整合中西以转变成自己独特研究模式的历程,为现今的文学研究在方法论层面提供借鉴。本文力求实现三大目标：方法层面,通过个案总结出普遍规律,对陈寅恪在长期文学研究实践中探索出的一套独特研究方法加以提炼；实践层面,梳理陈寅恪在留学过程中通过对中西文化学术的比较,所表现出的对这两种文化的不同理解和把握方式,探究其对知识消化运用进而产生新思想方法的方式;理论层面,厘清陈寅恪融会中西的的文学研究方法与其整个学术思想体系的关系,展示出其对21世纪中国文学研究指导思想和学术方法的示范性和启发性。全文由六个部分组成,各部分的思路如下：“绪论”部分通过梳理和分析陈寅恪文学思想与研究方法的研究现状以及目前研究的成绩与不足,确定以陈寅恪文学研究方法为研究对象,以其文学研究方法的中西学术渊源及其结合西学将传统方法转型使其现代化的方式为研究重点。第一章旨在总体把握陈寅恪学术思想与治学方法的理论渊源。义宁陈氏家学、启蒙时期的国学教育以及多年留学的西学浸染对陈寅恪学术观念与方法有着重要影响。陈寅恪所坚守的中国文化本位的学术立场,在学术研究中表现出来的文化托命意识与文化研究意识,决定了他历史与文学的研究特色。探求中国文化出路的问题意识又使陈寅恪一生的治学分为三个阶段,并对应了三种不同文学研究方法的应用。回国初期,陈寅恪治学的重点在西域史地学,采用“原典比照”方法研究佛经翻译文学和古典文学；中期,他转向了中古民族文化史研究,运用“诗史互证”方法笺释唐代诗文；在学术生涯晚期,陈寅恪进行“心史”研究,主要以“了解之同情”法研究明清文学。第二章探讨陈寅恪“原典比照”文学研究方法的学术渊源、理论观念、研究实践和突出特点。在中外文化交流的时代背景下,陈寅恪的“原典比照”方法吸纳了宋代史学、佛学等传统学术精华,并借鉴了西洋东方学、比较文学法国学派等西方学说。他以历史演变及系统异同的比较观念,立足文化本原的语言基础研究,在佛教对中国文学的影响及流变、唐代文人之间和文体之间的比较等方面都有卓越的研究实绩。第三章论述陈寅恪“诗史互证”文学研究方法的学术背景、运用依据和研究情况。陈寅恪继承了在古代诗史不分情况下形成的传统“诗史互证”方法,并因其对以兰克学派为代表的德国历史主义理论方法的吸纳与转化而使该方法得以现代化。在不同文化的比照下,中国古典诗歌迥异于西方的特性是陈寅恪“诗史互证”方法运用的依据。在早期的“诗史互证”研究实践中,陈寅恪侧重于文学的文化整体研究,揭示了文学真实与历史真实的关系。第四章阐明了陈寅恪“了解之同情”文学研究方法的准确内涵,对其中的传统与西方因子寻根溯源,探讨了该方法的特征与实际运用情况。陈寅恪的“了解之同情”法吸收了西方浪漫主义史学思想方法,并接续了中国心灵化文学批评、“以意逆志”等诗学传统。陈寅恪晚年“心史”研究与“新史学”思潮下的心理历史学研究的发展同步,是其“诗史互证”方法的进一步深化。该方法更追求“时、地、人”三要素的密扣,以“古典”“今典”的辨析为基础,并以细微的心理分析达到与古人“同情”。“结语”部分总结了“原典比照”、“诗史互证”与“了解之同情”这三种文学研究方法对当今文学研究批评活动中出现的弊病的纠正以及其中包含的学术思想给当代古典文学和文学史研究提供的启发,认为对陈寅恪在文学研究领域成果的梳理、研究与借鉴是21世纪诗学研究的一个重要课题。更多还原

【Abstract】 With Chen Yin-que’s literary research methods as the study object, this dissertation intends to sort out Chen Yin-que’s specific practice in literary research and his discussion on related literary theories; outline his outstanding literary research methods and define them; trace back these literary research methods’ origin both in Chinese traditional academic culture and the Western ideology; talk about Chen Yin-que’s integration of Chinese and Western methods into his own unique research model and then provide reference for modern literary research in the methodological level.The dissertation tries to achieve three purposes:firstly, in the aspect of method, it will sum up Chen Yin-que’s common practice through his individual study cases, and refine a set of his unique research methods from his long-term practice; secondly, in the practical level, it will comb the ways in which Chen Yin-que understood and appreciated the two cultures in his experience of studying abroad, and explore his ability of digesting and using knowledge and then generating new ways of thinking and practicing; thirdly, in the theoretical level, it will clarify the relationship between his academic system and his literary research methods of mixing Chinese and Western cultures, and prove his role as exemplarity and inspiration on guiding ideology and academic methods in Chinese Literature of the21st century.The dissertation consists of six parts. The main ideas of each part are as follows.The introduction part sorts out and analyzes the overall research on Chen Yin-que, the currently special research on his literary studies, and both the achievements and shortcomings of the present study. Then the thesis determines Chen Yin-que’s literary research methods as the study object, focusing on his Chinese and Western academic origins, how he combined Western learning with Chinese traditional methods and how he modernized the latter.The first chapter aims to grasp the origin of Chen Yin-que’s academic thoughts and methods. Yi-Ning Chen’s family learning, traditional cultural education at his early age, and years of study in Western countries influenced his academic ideas and methods a lot. The features of his research on history and literature were decided by his stick to Chinese-culture-based academic stance, his consciousness of culture propping life and his sense of cultural studies manifested in his academic study. The awareness of exploring Chinese culture’s way divided his scholarship life into three stages, corresponding to three different literary research methods.Chapter2explores the academic origins, theoretical concepts, research practice, and salient features of Chen Yin-que’s literary research method of "Classics Comparison". In the context of cultural exchanging, Chen Yin-que’s literary research method of "Classics Comparison" absorbed the historiography of Song Dynasty, Buddhism and other traditional academic essence. It also borrowed some western theories and methods, like Western Oriental Studies and French School of Comparative Literature. With the idea of historical evolution and the comparison and contrast between systems, he based his study on the cultural language and achieved a lot on the study of the influence of Buddhism on Chinese literature and its rheological, the comparison among poets of Tang Dynasty and their styles, and the parallel comparison of Chinese and foreign literature and theories.The third chapter discusses the academic background, practical basis, and practical cases of Chen Yin-que’s literary research method of "Shi Shi Hu Zheng". He inherited the traditional method of "Shi Shi Hu Zheng" of the ancient era when poetry and history were regarded the same, and modernized it by absorbing and transforming theories and methods of German historicism which was represented by Ranke School. In different cultures, Chinese classical poetry was absolutely different from Western poetry, which was the practical basis for Chen Yin-que’s using the method of "Shi Shi Hu Zheng". In his earlier "Shi Shi Hu Zheng" studies, he paid more attention to the overall cultural study of literature, and revealed the relation between literary truth and historical truth.The fourth chapter elaborates accurate meaning of Chen Yin-que’s literary research method of "Empathy of Understanding", traces its tradition back to some western factors, and discusses its characteristics and the actual use. His method of "Empathy of Understanding" drew ideas and methods from Western Romantic Historiography and Chinese poetic tradition of spiritualized literary criticism,"Knowing Intention from the Meaning", etc. His later years’"Soul and History" research synchronized the development of psychological historiography in "New History" thought, which further deepened his method of "Shi Shi Hu Zheng". His method of "Empathy of Understanding" combined the three elements of "time, place and person", based on the analysis of "ancient canon" and "modern canon", and used subtle psychological analysis to reach "Empathy" with the ancients.The conclusion part summarizes the benefits of the three literary research methods—"Classics Comparison","Shi Shi Hu Zheng", and "Knowing Then Feeling the Same"—in overcoming the delimma in literary research and criticism today, and points out the referencing value of academic thinking in these methods for contemporary research on classical literature and literary history. It is highlighted that combing, researching and referencing Chen Yin-que’s achievements in the field of literary studies is an important poetic subject of the21st century.更多还原