【作者】 欧阳名钊；

【导师】 付跃刚；

【作者基本信息】 长春理工大学 ， 光学工程， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 龙虾眼掠入射聚焦系统是仿生龙虾眼睛的独特球形微通道结构,使得龙虾眼聚焦系统在高能射线领域能够获得前所未有的大视场与能量获取能力。目前对于龙虾眼结构的研究主要集中在×射线领域,但基于同样反射原理聚焦的光波段龙虾眼光学系统,对于解决光谱材料受限问题以及大视场高敏感性探测问题具有潜在广阔的应用前景。本论文的主要工作是将龙虾眼结构装置的应用范围拓展到光波段范围内,从光学聚焦成像的角度考察、分析了龙虾眼结构装置,重点研究了应用于光波段的龙虾眼光学系统的结构参数与聚焦性能之间的关系；提出了基于杂光抑制原则的单次反射壁厚公式,并讨论了在这个公式限制条件下龙虾眼透镜的各个关键设计参数,如锥顶角、中心张角等,对龙虾眼透镜聚焦性能的影响；并使用数学模型及光机建模软件进行了对比仿真建模分析。通过建模仿真分析,发现基于单次反射条件的光波段龙虾眼聚焦装置的集光效率不受锥顶角参数的影响,同时可以发现光波段龙虾眼光学系统的弥散斑图样对方向具有敏感性。由于基于单次反射原理的龙虾眼透镜存在大视场下微通道深度过低而不便制造的问题,本论文研究了龙虾眼透镜在小宽纵比结构下的多次反射聚焦机理。通过创造性地对龙虾眼透镜进行棱镜展开原理分析,得到了多次反射虽然会产生出射角度更为复杂的偶数次反射杂光,但奇数次反射光线的多次反射对球差具有补偿作用,能够得到更好的聚焦效果,并且这种补偿作用是随微通道单元的宽纵比的减小而增强的结论。对光波段龙虾眼透镜内存在偶数次杂光的抑制方法进行了研究,提出了末端涂层吸收和贯穿式涂层吸收的方法来抑制偶数次杂光,并取得得了明显的杂光抑制效果,使光波段龙虾眼透镜接近于实际应用的进程向前推进了一步。最后,现有加工工艺条件下,设计并制作龙虾眼透镜LP-65原理样机。该原理样机所得到的实验结果很好的印证了反射型重叠像眼的聚焦原理。同时由于LP-65原理样机的结构上的特性,实验过程中发现了双十字的聚焦现象,针对这一现象完成了软件的仿真对比分析,验证了实验的正确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lobster eye grazing incidence focusing device simulate the unique structure of spherical microchannel, that makes the lobster eye focusing device can obtain unprecedented wide field and energy acquisition ability in High-energy radiation field.. At present, the research on the lobster eye structure focus on X-ray field, but the lobster eye optical system has potential broad prospects in solving the restricted spectrum materical problem and wide field high sensitivity detection problem in light wave band.The main work of this paper is expanding the application of lobster eye focusing device to light wave band, the lobster eye focusing device is investigated and analyzed in the aspects of optical imaging. This paper focuses on the relationship between the structure parameters of the lobster eye optical system and its focusing performance, and proposes the formula for wall thickness based on the principle of single reflection which follow the principles of stray light inhibition and discusses each critical design parameter under the restricted formula condition, such as the cone apex angle, central angle, and use the mathematical model and machine modeling software to make the comparison simulation and modeling analysis. Through this analysis of modelling and simulation, the light collective efficiency of the lobster eye focusing system which is based on single reflection in the light wave band will not be affected by the critical parameters. Meanwhile, the speckle of the lobster eye optical system has the sensitivity to direction.Because it is difficult to fabricate the lobster eye lens based on single reflection with low microchannel depth in large field of view, the multi reflective focusing principle of the lobster eye lens with small aspect ratio structure is also be discussed. By initiatively analyzing the prism tunel diagram principle of the lobster eye lens, it is found that multi reflecion may generate even reflection stray light with more complicated emergence angle, but multi reflection of the odd reflection light is able to compensate for the spherical abberation which would acquire a better focusing effect. The compensation effect would enhance with the decrease of the aspect ratio of the microchannel unit.On the basis of the previous study, the restriction method to the even light stray of the lobster eye in the light wave band has been discussed. Proposing the end coating absorption and through type absorption to inhibit even stray light and getting evident stray light inhibition effect carry the lobster eye lens in the long wave band a step forward to pratical application.Finally, under the condition of existing processing technology, the Lobster-eye lens experimental prototype LP-65have been made and the result of the experiment based on this device proved the focusing principle of reflective superposition eye well. Meanwhile, the double cross image was found in the experimentation, this phenomemon is produced by the structural features of the experimental prototype, the software simulated analysis was achieved to test the correctness of the experiment.更多还原