【作者】 陈虎维；

【导师】 石金峰；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 露天矿的开采过程是按照一定的剥采程序进行的，矿山工程的时空发展过程实质上是露天采场三维地理空间信息按照时间维度的动态变更过程。不论是开采设计、生产计划编制、工程测量验收，还是生产管理等技术工作，都是对描述剥、采、排矿山工程时空位置的露天采场三维地理空间信息数据的加工处理和控制的过程，因此建立露天采场精确的三维模型具有重要的理论和实际意义，该模型将是数字露天开采中的重要的基础地理空间数据，为露天矿的生产提供重要的基础地理空间信息和决策支持。归纳起来，本文主要完成了以下几项工作：(1)利用先进的GPS-RTK技术，进行露天矿采场和排土场的三维数据采集，并进行合理的数据编码，提高内业数据处理的自动化水平，通过数据逻辑检验与校正，交互式编辑后形成采场的现状平面图。(2)由于露天矿采场复杂特殊的地形特征，在建模过程中应充分考虑相应的约束条件，本文提出一次性约束三角网生成算法，经过空间数据提取、拓扑关系建立以及空间索引建立，最终建立起边界约束线以内的约束不规则三角网，大大提高了建模精度和分类算量精度，具有现实的理论意义和应用价值。(3)露天采矿过程引起采场地理空间数据的连续变化，采场三维模型的更新技术和方法是技术关键。本文提出扩展边界概念，利用扩展边界及上述三角网生成算法，可实现局部模型建立以及局部模型与整体模型间的无缝拼接，最终完成整体DEM模型的更新。(4)根据每月测量验收后获得的采场、排土场高精度的三维模型，本文采用基态修正模型来建立露天矿采场时空数据库，实现了露天矿采剥量的精确计算；结合虚拟现实技术实现开采过程的回放和生产计划的超前演示；实现了基于采场三维精细模型的采、排长（短）期生产计划编制，为数字露天矿建设提供了基础的地理空间信息框架与平台。更多还原

【Abstract】 The open-pit mining process is carried out in accordance with the stripping process, thespatial and temporal development process of the mining engineering essentially is the timedimension of dynamic change process of the open stope3D geographic-spatial information.Technical work no matter mining design, production planning, check-and-acceptancemeasurement, or production management, are processing and control process of open-pit3Dgeographic-spatial information data that descripes stripping, mining, exclusive miningengineering spatio-temporal location, the open-pit3D model construction has importanttheoretical and practical significance, the model will be important basic geographic-spatial dataof the open-pit mining and provides important basic geographic-spatial information and decisionsupport for open-pit production. In general, the following tasks have been completed:(1) The3D data acquisition of the open-pit stope and dump by advanced GPS-RTKtechnology, and reasonable data coding, improves the level of automation of the indoor dataprocessing, forms present situation stope plan through logical Inspection and correction andinteractive editing of data.(2) Due to the complicated terrain features of open pit stope,the model construction shouldfully consider the corresponding constraint condition, the paper proposes an algorithm forconstrained Delaunay triangulation establishment within one step.In this algorithm,constrainedDelaunay triangulation was finally generated within boundary,through spatial dataextraction,topological relations generation and spatial indexing generation, greatly improvemodeling accuracy and the classification volume accuracy, possesses actual theoreticalsignificance and application value.(3) Because of continuous change of the stope geographic-spatial data caused by open-pitmining process, the stope3D model update techniques and methods becomes the keytechnology.The paper proposes the concept of extended boundary,Using the extended boundaryand the construction algorithm of TIN,part model generation and seamless splicing between partmodel and whole model could be achieved for the whole model update of DEM at last.(4) According to the high-precision3D model of the open-pit stope and dump acquired bythe monthly check-and-acceptance measurement,the paper establishes the stope spatio-temporaldatabase with essential status revision model, achieves precise calculation of the stope exploitation volume;Combination of Virtual Reality technology, actualizes theexploitation-process playback and production-plan ahead demonstration, establishes theframework and platform of basic geographic-spatial information for the digital open-pitconstruction.更多还原