【作者】 何正强；

【导师】 何镜堂；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 自德国社会学家滕尼斯提出社区的概念、英国社会学家查尔斯马奇以及美国政治哲学家汉娜阿伦特分别提出公共空间的概念以来，这两个被公认歧义最多的词汇成为了各路研究者口中的罗生门，一直没法取得一致的共识，原因是社区和公共空间均涉及到社会性和空间性的问题，而对这两个问题的解释永远会随着社会背景、学术视角、研究方法以及价值观念的转变而发生变化。现今的社会学正在朝整体与个体、主观与客观以及价值与工具合理性相互融合的结构性研究方向发展，而从关系的角度去进行社会研究正是这种发展方向的主流。在社会研究的方向转换影响下，对城市社区及其公共空间的研究视角也发生了改变：从对单一的物质环境研究转向物质与非物质环境（包括社会关系）的互动研究，关注空间之间、空间与人之间以及人与人之间的关系。社会网络是研究个体及个体之间的关系的一套理论，它的聚焦点是关系和关系模式，而不是行动者的属性，因而能成为考察当今城市社区公共空间的一种重要视角。社会网络视角下，我国城市社区及其公共空间的内涵和特点受经济和社会制度改革的影响而发生了转变：社区不再完全是地域共同体，而是由众多的、特殊化的、以兴趣为基础的社区成员组成的共同体[1]；社区公共空间不再只是简单的物理范围，而是社区社会网络重要载体，在居民的社会公共生活中发挥交叉融合的桥梁作用。与此同时，对社区公共空间的有效性评价标准也需要作出改变：由只以数量、尺度、形态为衡量标准，转向以能否促进社会网络健康发展，包括是否具有足够的延续性和融合能力，为主要判断依据。也就是说，社会网络视角下的社区公共空间并不是存在就是合理的，不恰当的空间形式会对社区的关系网络产生诸多不良影响。因此，相对于具体的设计方法，建立一套以社会网络的优劣为核心的标准来判断社区公共空间是否有效更为关键，尤其对于经过改造的、社会网络较复杂的社区的公共空间。本论题首先将社会网络的相关理论和方法，包括社会网络基础理论和社会网络分析法，与复杂网络的研究方法综合，形成一个全面的社会网络视角，并提出了十条关于社区社会网络的发展趋势、社区公共空间与公共生活的关系理论假设。然后以公共生活为中介，建构以公共空间（空间与空间）、公共生活（空间与人）、社会网络（人与人）三者的互动关系为主线索的有效性分析框架，分别对置换型、局部改造型和保护型三类具有代表性的改造社区及其公共空间进行有效性分析和评价。最后，通过总结和深入剖析评价结果，一方面对上文提出的理论假设进行实证检验，另一方面梳理并归纳改造型社区社会网络与公共空间互动的规律，从而在理论和实证相结合的基础上提出一套改造型社区公共空间的设计策略，并把它进行实际应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since Tnnies, German sociologist, puts forward the concept of community andCharles March, UK sociologist, and Hannah Arendt, American political philosopher,respectively put forward the concept of public space, the two words, which have the mostdifferent meanings, have been Rashomon of each researcher. Researchers fail to reachconsensus, because both community and public space involve in sociology and space,which always change with social background, academic perspective, research method, andvalue.The current sociology is developing toward structured research of integration ofwhole and individual, subjective and objective and value and tool. It is themainstream to conduct social research in light of relationship. Affected by direction changeof social research, the research perspective on unban community and public space alsochanged: from research of single material environment to interactive research of materialand immaterial environment (including social relationship). It pays attention to therelationship between space and space, between space and human, as well as betweenhuman and human. Social network is a set of theories which analyzes the relationshipbetween individual and individual, with a focus on relationship and relationship mode,regardless of the attribute of actor. Therefore, it is an important perspective to investigatepublic space of current urban community. Under social network perspective, theconnotation and characteristic of China’s urban community and public space changed dueto the influences of the reforms of economy and social system: community no longer onlyrefers to spatial communities. Instead, it consists of numerous, special and interest-basedcommunity members[]; the social community space no longer only refers to simplephysical scope; instead, it refers to the important carrier of community social network andplays a role of bridge in citizens’ social life and public life: at the same time, the effectiveappraisal standard on social public space also needs to change: from the standard ofquantity, dimension, and form to promoting healthy development of social network as mainjudgment basis, including enough extension and integration ability. That is to say: thecommunity public space under social network prospective is not naturally reasonable.Improper space forms will cause many bad influences on the relationship network ofcommunity. Therefore, compared with detailed design method, it is more important toestablish a standard, which regards quality of social network as core, to judge theeffectiveness of community public space, especially for the community public space which is transformed and has complex social networks.Firstly, the paper integrates relevant theories and methods of social network includingbasic theory of social network and analysis method of social network, with the researchmethods of complex network, forming a comprehensive social network perspective.Besides, it puts forward ten theoretical hypotheses concerning the development trend ofcommunity social network as well as relationship between community social space andpublic life. Secondly, it uses public life as intermediary agent to construct effectivenessanalysis framework which mainly utilizes the interactive relationships as main factors,including public space (space and space), public life (space and human), and social network(human and human). Then it carries out analysis and evaluation on the effectiveness ofthree representative transformed communities and the public space, respectivelydisplacement type, partial transformation type and protection type. Last but not least, itsummarizes and deeply analyzes the evaluation results. On one hand, it conducts empiricaltest on the above theoretical hypothesis; on the other hand, it summarizes the law ofinteraction between transformed community social network and public space, so as topropose a set of design strategies for public space of transformed community on theoreticaland empirical basis and apply it in practical situations.更多还原