【作者】 李柏红；

【导师】 宫敬才；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 费边社会主义是一种以“宪政民主、和缓渐进”著称的社会改良思潮。费边社会主义思想是在S.韦伯、G.J.萧伯纳、G.D.H.柯尔、C.A.R.克罗斯兰等费边社主要代表立足历史传统和现实国情，结合英国由自由资本主义向垄断资本主义即帝国主义过渡的时代背景，继承和发展社会有机说、进化史观、功利主义、马克思主义、经验主义哲学、基督教哲学等思想理论的基础上逐步形成的。费边社会主义认为，历史是一逐渐趋向社会主义的潮流，通过宣传教育等“渗透”的方式，努力促成历史传统与现实发展间的相互妥协，引导人们一步步迈向社会主义福利国家，是费边社会主义者的初衷与责任。为此，费边社会主义者为人们勾勒出了一幅实现社会主义的方略蓝图：在政治改革方面，强调国家的工具性与中立性，主张从扩大国家职能和完善地方分权出发，通过文官制度遴选专家型人才充实公务员队伍，并通过设立政治国会和社会国会的形式来进一步保证民主与效率间的平衡。在经济改革方面，主张通过革新征税制度、推行市政社会主义和不断调整计划与市场的关系等手段，来逐步推进生产工具公有化、资源分配社会化和产业管理民主化改革目标的实现。在教育改革方面，提出教育平等、教育为现实服务、教育多元化的原则，并对整个英国教育体系展开了大刀阔斧的改革，其中尤以大力倡导技术教育和创办伦敦政治经济学院最为突出。在社会改革方面，提出贫困应包括物质和精神两个方面、社会分配不平等是造成贫困的主因、国家和社会有责任出台多种人性化救济措施等思想。韦伯夫妇在发表的《少数派报告》中分两部分集中提出了一系列社会福利改革建议，并积极号召和推动废除《济贫法》运动。在政党政治方面，费边派并没有提出具体内容，但我们却可以从费边社与英国工党的关系发展中窥见其端倪，二者关系实际大致经历了两个阶段的变化：一战前，费边社出于现实和政治哲学的考虑，对早期工党主要采用“渗透”策略，勉强保持基本联系。一战爆发后，伴随着费边社渗透自由党政策的宣告失败，费边社开始全力扶持工党的改组和重建，颁布了新的党章和党纲以后，工党开始以工人阶级政党身份跻身传统两党制中，英国“三足鼎立”的政治格局得以形成。从此，工党成为费边社会主义者在英国推行社会主义的工具。百年费边社会主义，历经费边社几代领导人的发展和完善，终于形成了一种不可抗拒的形势，具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义。仅就英国国内而言，它不仅引导了政府行政改革趋向，改变了政党和政治格局分布，而且还加速了劳工运动发展。就世界范围而言，费边社会主义的出现，不仅丰富加深了人们对于社会主义的理解，为修正主义提供重要理论依据，为市场社会主义构建原始蓝图，而且还创立了解构重构社会的研究法。当然，费边社会主义思想在立论基础和方法策略方面还存有很多值得商榷的地方。对处于改革建设攻坚期的我国而言，我们有必要从费边社会主义思想中汲取的思想精华包括：社会改革法制化、民主政治制度化、国民教育科学化和福利保障社会化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fabian socialism is the socialism ideological trend that is famous for “constitutionaldemocracy and gentle progress.” The Fabian main representatives, like, Sidney Webb,G.Bernard Shaw, G.D.H.Cole, C.A.R.Crosland etc., keeping a foothold on the historicaltradition and real national conditions and considering the imperialism transition period whichis from free capitalism to monopoly capitalism, inherit and develop the theory of Organicsociety, evolutionary history, rent theory, Marxism, Utilitarianism and Christian philosophyetc. Therefore, the ideology is gradually established.Fabian socialism regards history as the tendency that leads to socialism. The originalintention and duty of Fabians is to facilitate the compromise between traditional history andreal development and to lead people to socialism welfare countries by propaganda andeducation.Thus, Fabians outlines a strategical blueprint to realize socialism: In the aspect ofpolitical improvement, they pay attention to the instrumentality and neutrality of the state andpropose that with enlarging state functions and perfecting decentralization, civil servant teamcan be enriched by selecting expert talents under the system of civil officer and the balancebetween democracy and efficiency can be kept by establishing political and social congress.In the social and economic aspect, they hold that innovating tax system and carrying outmunicipal administration socialism and constantly adjusting the relationship between plan andmarket can propel to achieve the socialization of production instrument and resourceallocation and industry management democratization. For the education reform, they putforward the principle of education equality, education serving reality and educationdiversification. They carry out resolutely reformation in the system of education in UK,especially for advocating technical education and establishing London School of Economics&Politics In the aspect of welfare, they present that poverty should include two parts: materialand spirit poverty and inequality of social distribution is the main reason to causes poverty.Meanwhile, they believe that it is the duty of the whole state and society to carry out multiple humane relief measures. The Webbs raise a series of suggestions on social welfarereformation in “Minority Report” and promote to abolish the “poor laws”.Fabians didn’t propose the concrete contents in the aspect of politics and party, but wecan see the clue from the development of relationship building between Fabians and LabourParty. In fact, the relationship approximately evolves in two phases. Before World War I,considering reality and political philosophy, Fabian took penetrating strategy for early LabourParty and reluctantly maintained their basic relationship. After breaking out of World War II,as the penetrating policy for Liberal Party fails, the Fabians started to support thereorganization and reconstruction of Labour Party. After the new chapter and guidingprinciple were issued, Labour Party ascends to the traditional two-party system in the role ofworking class political party. Thus, a situation of tripartite confrontation in UK is formed.Since then, Labour Party becomes the instrument to carry out socialism.Fabianism, taking a century to develop and perfect, finally forms an irresistible trend andit plays an important role in theory and reality. Just for Britain, it not only leads to the trend ofgovernment administration reformation and change the pattern of party and politics, but alsoaccelerates the development of labour movement. In worldwide, the appearance of Fabianismriches the understanding of socialism, provides importance theory basis for revisionism andconstructs the original blueprint for market socialism. Moreover, it also creates the researchmethod of structure reconstruct. It is sure that Fabianism still has weakness in the basis andstrategy. For China, we can get the benefit from the Fabianism as follows: social reformlegalization, democracy politics institutionalization, citizenship education scientization andwelfare guarantee socialization.更多还原