【作者】 李婷婷；

【导师】 沙爱民；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 公路交通是我国最重要的基础设施之一，在国民经济发展中发挥着举足轻重的作用。山区公路施工是一项复杂的系统工程，影响施工安全的风险因素涉及施工组织、安全措施、水文地质、自然环境等各个方面，这些危险因素具有高度不确定性，而且相互间关系复杂。山区公路施工事故频繁发生，经济财产损失巨大，社会舆论影响恶劣。如何对山区公路施工安全风险进行科学分析和安全管理，有效预防和控制山区公路施工安全风险和安全事故，减少事故损失和人员伤亡，提高山区公路施工的经济效益和社会效益，是一个亟待解决的问题，这也要求从新角度对安全管理体系开展研究。在理论上，从政策体系、危险因素辨识管理、事故致灾机理、数学评估理论与方法等方面加深理解，在实践上，从组织机构与人员职责、安全管理方法措施、应急管理方法与程序等方面细致梳理，以建立高效的安全管理体系。本文经过实地调研和文献资料汇总分析，结合安全学理论、安全系统工程理论以及模糊数学等理论知识，分析影响山区公路施工安全管理的主要因素，研究了安全管理政策体系、危险源辨识与风险评估、施工安全评价、安全预防体系构建等内容，从建设单位角度出发对山区公路施工安全评价及预警开展了深入的系统研究。本文的主要研究如下：基于山区公路复杂的工程地质及施工技术特征，对山区公路施工安全管理政策体系开展研究。从建设期业主管理层面开展山区公路施工安全管理政策分析，在对安全管理与监督机制、安全激励与约束机制、安全投入与资源保障机制和安全文化建设与教育机制等方面进行细致分析和系统总结的基础上，结合我国公路建设安全管理现状，提出适应我国国情的山区公路施工安全管理政策体系。将风险评价的基本理论应用于山区公路施工项目，解析危险源的定义、构成形式和分类方法，分析危险源的致灾机理，并就危险源辨识方法、辨识过程进行深入研究，明确山区公路施工中的危险源分类，对危险源进行定量与定性评价，给出了危险源风险评价的目的、程序与方法，结合工程实例进行危险源风险评价。在分析山区公路施工安全评价内涵、意义和特点的基础上，确定了山区公路施工安全评价指标体系，利用模糊数学建立了安全模糊综合评判模型，采用专家问卷调查打分方法确定安全评价指标权重，结合项目实例进行了安全评价，并利用模糊聚类方法对安全评价所涉及的风险因素进行动态聚类分析与基于目标函数的最优方案聚类分析。以山区公路施工安全风险分析为基础，建立山区公路施工安全预防体系概念，构建框架体系，并充分结合预警管理思想及理论知识，建立了安全事故应急救援机制与应急预案，明确了主体安全职责，确定了不同建设阶段的安全预防要点，研究了应急管理的原则与策略、应急预案的处置原则、组织机构及职责、运行机制与监督管理等内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traffic construction is the artery of the infrastructure construction of our country. It playsa decisive role in the development of the national economy. Highway is one of the importantsigns of the development level of a country, and it is the key component of traffic constructionsystem as well. The highway construction in mountainous area is a complex system, wherethe safety of the construction is affected by the arrangement of construction, safety measures,hydrological geology, natural environment and other aspects. These risk factors are highuncertainty and have complicated relation between each other and lead to many accidents inthe highway construction, which induces great national property loss and bad social influence.It is an urgent problem to be solved that how to provide scientifically analysis of safety riskand safety management in the mountain highway construction, to effectively control safetyrisk, prevent safety accidents, reduce the property loss and casualties of workers, and improveeconomic benefit and social benefit as well. This requires researches of the safetymanagement system from a new angle. It needs thorough understanding in the theory of thepolicy system, identification and control of dangerous factors, accident-causing mechanism,mathematical theory and method of evaluating, as well as careful analysis in the practice ofthe organization and personnel duties, safety management measures, emergency managementmethods and procedures, to establish effective safety management system. Based on the fieldinvestigation and study on literature information, and with the applications of the theory ofsafety system engineering, theory of security, safety management system and fuzzymathematics theory, this paper analyzes the main effective factors on the safety managementof mountain highway construction, and safety management policy system, risk elementssource identification and risk assessment, construction safety assessment, warning systemconstruction are also studied. It provides a systematic research on construction safetyassessment and security warning in mountain highway construction from the side of owner ofthe construction. Important research works of this paper are given as following:The policy system of safety management on mountain highway construction is studied.Based on the complex engineering geology and construction technical characteristics inmountainous aero, the analysis of construction safety management policy is set out from theconstruction phase of the project management. Combined with highway construction safetymanagement status in our country, detailed analysis and system summary on the safety management and supervision mechanism, security incentive and constraint mechanism, safetyinvestment and resources guarantee mechanism, and safety culture construction andeducational mechanism are conducted to provide a safety management policy system onmountain highway construction that adapts to the situation of our country.The basic theory of risk evaluation is applicated in mountain highway constructionproject. The meaning, composition and classification of risk source are analyzed and theaccident-causing mechanism of risk source in the construction is also studied. Based on theanalysis of risk source identification process, identification method and classification inmountain highway construction, quantitative and qualitative evaluations on risk source aregiven. Combined with the engineering practice, the risk evaluation purpose, procedures andmethods are provided. The construction risk evaluation of road and bridge is conducted usingLEC method, when that of tunnel is conducted by considering the expert weight of riskprobability assessment method.The safety evaluation indicator system of mountain highway construction is determinedon the base of analysis on connotation, meaning and characteristics of highway constructionsafety evaluation. The fuzzy mathematics method is used to establish fuzzy comprehensivesafety evaluation model of mountain highway construction. The safety evaluation indexweight is determined by the method of expert questionnaire scoring and the safety assessmentis accomplished combining with the project example. The risk factors involved in mountainhighway construction are dynamic clustering analyzed and optimal scheme clusteringanalyzed based on the objective function with fuzzy clustering method.Based on the safety risk analysis of mountainous highway construction and combinedwith the theory of early warning management, a safety prevention system concept andconstructing, the concept of mountain highway construction is put forward and the framesystem construction is built up. Different main responsibilities in the safety precautionssystem are made clear and the preventive subjects of different phases of construction arepointed out. The principles and strategies of emergency management, principle of emergencydisposal, organizational structure and functions, and operation mechanism and supervision arealso studied.更多还原