【作者】 吴晓轮；

【导师】 龙兴海；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 哲学伦理学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 起源于保险市场的道德风险研究,随着现代社会经济活动的日益复杂而不再囿于其原初领域,2007年美国次贷危机再一次让“道德风险”风靡全球。经过三十多年改革开放的中国,经济社会结构发生了深刻变化,多元文化背景下的社会心态已在悄然变化,伦理冲突日渐凸现,道德风险事件屡屡发生,在银行业信贷业务活动中尤为突出。所谓道德风险是指从事经济活动的人在最大限度地增进自身效用时可能做出不利于他人的不易为人发现的隐蔽行为,往往表现为市场经济主体违反法纪约束、道德规范等风险行为。在我国银行业信贷活动中,借款人、银行从业人员、信贷监管人员以及信贷机构、信贷监管机构乃至政府部门都可能出于自身利益最大化而选择道德风险行为,集中表现在信贷市场信息失真、信贷个体失信、信贷机构失节、信贷监管失灵等方面,从而直接导致了一系列的不良贷款问题、社会信贷腐败问题、社会信用体系脆弱问题等,并最终危及银行业的系统性安全。资金的融通即意味着信用与风险的存在,以信托责任为灵魂的银行信贷业务,所经营的正是信用与风险。信贷道德风险的发生有多方面的原因。从伦理学的角度看,主要是源于主客观状态下道德主体的价值选择：主观上根源于信贷个体德性的缺失,客观上根源于信贷个体德性养成的社会道德文化氛围以及信贷制度伦理设计及其监管的缺陷。有效防范银行信贷道德风险,既需要设计出一套以信托责任为核心的外部伦理约束体系,又需要通过适当的方式确保其有效执行,尤其需要使外部约束内部化,即使信贷行为主体养成一种合伦理的行为习性或道德品性,进而使其能够做出合乎伦理的决策行为。由此,一方面,需要有效运用各种外控手段,发挥伦理规制的调控作用,重点把握监控环节、健全信贷监控体系、完善信贷人员的道德管理,通过伦理立法、制定伦理法规、加强伦理监管、形成道德规范等方式促成道德主体形成负责任的伦理决策行为；另一方面,需要充分运用各种内控手段,发挥职业培训、道德感化、公众情感融入、价值观念植入、个体品性塑造等内控方式的软约束作用,通过银行道德文化建设、职业道德建设、行业文化氛围营造等形式积极引导、教育信贷主体道德内化,使之成为自我管理、自我控制、自我实现的道德人。最后需要指出的是,要从系统的角度出发,尽力地保持内部控制与外部控制之间的平衡与协调,使其每个因素都能相互融通,形成最大合力,从而最终将信贷道德风险消解于无形。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasing complexity of modern society economic activities, the moral hazard research which has originated in the insurance market,is no longer confined to its original domain,and the "moral hazard" swept the word again for the American subprime mortgage crisis in2007. After30years of reform and opening up in China, the economic and social structure has undergone profound changes.Under multicultural background,it has quietly changed in social mentality and become more apparent on ethical conflict, and so the moral hazard events has taken place one after another,it is especially in banking credit business activities.The so-called moral hazard means that a person may be do some hidden behavior which is difficult to find and is bad for others,as he promote maximum his own utility in economic activity. The moral hazard has often manifested as some risk behavior in the main market economy, such as rules of law constraints,violating moral norms.As they engaged in China’s banking credit activities, borrowers,bankers,credit monitoring,and credit institutions,credit monitoring agencies,and even government departments maybe choose the moral hazard behaviors due to maximize their own interests.The moral hazard behaviors is concentrated expression of the distortion of the credit market information,credit individual dishonesty,credit institutions disloyal,and credit regulatory failure area,which led directly to a series of bad loan problem,social credit corruption,social credit system problem,and eventually endanger the systemic sfety of the banking.Financing means that the presence of credit and risk,which is operating by the bank credit management,for the soul of the bank credit management is trust obligation. It is the moral subjects value choice on subjective and objective conditions that the moral hazard will take place:which is subjectively rooted in the virtue of credit individual,and objectively rooted in the society’s moral culture atmosphere which is developing by the credit individual,and the ethical design of the credit system and the ethical environment for supervision.As the moral hazard of bank credit keep effectively prevention,we should design a set of the trust responsibility as the core of the external ethics restriction system, and we also should ensure its effective implementation through appropriate ways, and especially ensure to internalize the external constraint.That is to say,it will develop a ethical behavior and moral character by the credit actors,and thus enable them to make a ethical decision behavior. Thus,on one hand,we should effective use of various external controls,and play the role of ethical regulations and focus on grasping the monitoring aspects and improve its supervision system,and improve the credit personnel of moral management,through the ethics legislation,ethical rules and regulations, strengthen ethics supervision,forming ethics ways,etc.At last,the moral subject will formation some responsible ethical decision-making behavior. On the other hand,we should make full use of various internal controls, such as occupation training,moral probation, integration of public emotion, concept of value, individual character shaping implantation and make full use of its soft constraints. Through the bank construction of moral culture, occupation moral construction, create an atmosphere in the form of industry culture etc, it will actively guide and educate the credit moral subject to be internalization. Thus, the moral subject will become self-management, self-control and self-realization. Finally, it is to be noted that we should trying to maintain a balance between internal control and external control and coordinat its relations from the perspective of the system, so that each factor of the system can be accommodated each other, and form maximize synergies, which will eventually lead to the credit moral hazard digestion in the invisible.更多还原