【作者】 卓婷；

【导师】 黄树先；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 战国时代是中国古代重要的历史时期,是奴隶社会和封建社会这两种社会形态交替的时期,其语言属于上古汉语。《战国策》是目前研究战国历史的重要文献,内容丰富,有大量体现该时期时代特色的语言信息,反映了战国时期的语言词汇面貌。我们从核心词入手对《战国策》展开研究,从类型学的角度来看《战国策》词汇的概貌,观察上古汉语词汇系统的发展,探索不同语言之间词义发展的共同规律。我们使用描写与解释相结合、共时和历时相结合、语义场理论、类型学和比较词义法、统计分析、计算机辅助等研究方法对《战国策》中的核心概念进行深入分析,对同一核心概念下的语义成员进行描写,对其发展演变作出解释,同时结合类型学理论,将汉语放进世界语言的范围内来考察,找出不同语言里同一概念所表达的语义之间的联系,从而发现词义发展演变的规律。这项研究可以丰富上古汉语词汇研究的成果,为专书研究提供了新思路。全文由三部分组成,分为五章。第一部分为绪论,即第一章,分别介绍了研究背景、研究意义、研究目的、《战国策》研究概况、核心词研究概况、研究材料、研究方法和研究步骤。第二部分即第二至第四章,是论文的核心部分,对选自斯瓦德什(M.Swadesh)的《二百词表》的后100词的12个名词进行研究。我们将这12个名词分为亲属词、动物词、身体词三大类,这12个核心词就是12个核心概念。第三部分是结语,总结了《战国策》中的核心词研究,研究表明《战国策》中语义场的结构基本体现了上古汉语语义分割较细的特点,其语言体现了上古汉语的基本特点,以单音词为主,同时带有明显的时代色彩。最后对研究的创新、不足与展望作了说明。本文主要有以下几个创新点：(1)首次从核心词的角度对《战国策》的语言材料作全面乃至穷尽性的调查,并对其语义场进行系统的整理,对重要词目在汉语中的历时演变做细致的探讨,并辅以各种类型的统计数字说明语言事实和发展趋势。(2)多种研究方法综合运用。本文将描写与解释相结合、历时与共时相结合、类型学与比较词义相结合、语义场理论,诸多方法综合运用,打破以往较为单一的研究方法,而比较法贯穿全文始终。(3)首次将类型学的理论引进专书研究,把核心词条目置于世界语言这个大背景中,与其他语言进行比较,找出不同语言里同一概念所表达的语义之间的联系,从而发现词义发展演变的规律,探索其背后人类认知的共同性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The warring states period is an important historical period in ancient China, is a slave society and feudal society, the two kinds of social formation period, its belong to the Ancient Chinese language." Zhanguoce" is one of the important literature to study the history of the warring states period, rich in content,there is a lot of embodied the era characteristics of language information, reflect the language vocabulary features of the warring states period. Us to "Zhanguoce" from the kernel word study, from the perspective of typology "Zhanguoce" overview of the vocabulary, to observe the development of Ancient Chinese vocabulary system,explore the common laws of development of word meaning between different languages. We use a combination of description and explanation, and the combination of synchronic and diachronic meaning, semantic field theory, typology and comparison method, such as computer aided to" Zhanguoce", analyzing the kernel concept of members of the same kernel of the concept of semantic description, explain its development, at the same time combining the theory of typology, will examine Chinese language in the world scope, to find out in different languages the same concept of the semantic connection between, to discover the law of the development of word meaning evolution. Can enrich the study of Ancient Chinese vocabulary research, provides a new way of thinking for such research.The full text consists of three parts, divided into five chapters. Respectively in the first part is the introduction, the first chapter, introduces the research background, research significance and purpose,"Zhanguoce" research situation, the kernel word research profiles, research materials, research methods and steps. The second part is the kernel part of the thesis, namely, the second to the fourth chapter, the selected from Oswald assorted (Margaret spellings wadesh) after the table of the two hundred words two hundred words ten nouns are studied. We will be the ten nouns are divided into relative words, animal words, the body three categories, the10key word is10kernel concepts. The third part is the conclusion, summarizes the kernel words in the "Zhanguoce" research, studies suggest that the "Zhanguoce" in semantic field structure basic reflects the ancient Chinese semantic segmentation is fine, the characteristics of the basic characteristics of its language embodies the ancient Chinese, with cheng is given priority to, the color of times at the same time. Finally, the study of lack of innovation, and gives the outlook.The innovative parts of the txet are the following:(1) For the first time from the Angle of the kernel word "Zhanguoce", the language materials of make a comprehensive and exhaustive investigation, and the system of semantic field, the important term in Chinese do detailed discusses the diachronic evolution, supplemented by various types of statistics description language facts and development trend.(2) The integrated use of a variety of research method. In this paper, combining description and interpretation, combining from time, typology and comparative word meaning, semantic field theory, combining the integrated use of many methods, breaking the previous is relatively single research method, and comparative law, through the full text.(3) For the first time introduction of such a typology theory research, the kernel word entries in this big world language in the background, compared with other languages, to find out in the different languages the same concept of the semantic relationship between, to discover the law of the development of word meaning evolution, to explore its behind the intercommunity of human cognition.更多还原