【作者】 张煌；

【导师】 朱亚宗；

【作者基本信息】 国防科学技术大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 中国现代军事技术创新高端人才在中国科学技术史和国防史上均占有举足轻重的地位，考察其群体特征与成才模式，无论是对科学、技术与社会研究理论的深化，还是对高层次科学技术人才的培育与使用，都具有重大的理论与现实意义。本文在大量占有相关文献的基础上，从分层结构、年龄结构和学位结构出发，展开对中外高端人才群体的比较研究，揭示中国高端人才与国外同行之间存在的整体差距，并从科学优势积累的角度，对影响中国高端人才成才与展才的各种因素作深入考察，研究发现：在潜人才阶段，双向自主选择关系的缺失，制约了高端人才基于兴趣的优长发挥；在由潜人才向显人才转变的过程中，高端人才主要以基础科学家和技术科学家的身份投身军事研究，两者相较，基础科学家的职业路径具有一定优势；在显人才阶段，由战略咨询——资源汇聚——组织管理——工程实现的过程，已经成为高端人才优势积累的一条重要路径，这一路径难免造成类似总设计师“赢家通吃”的局面，不利于基层研究人员的成长；新中国成立以来，国防领域盛行的大工程育才模式，在人才配置、人才流动与人才传承方面，制约了高端人才的优势积累。本文的结论，即是高端人才的成才应当在以任务为主导的军事研究和以兴趣为主导的自由探索之间探寻必要的张力。大工程是适合显人才展才的平台，却并不是适合潜人才育才的温床，发挥大工程模式固有优势，同时努力营造以兴趣导向的、自由的、宽松的创新氛围，构建兼容大科学与小科学优势的育才环境，应当成为今后高端人才培育工作的重要内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern Chinese top talents of military technology innovation play a vital role both inthe history of Chinese science and technology and the history of defense. Reviewingtheir group identity and success models is of great theoretical and practical significancesboth for the improvement of STS theories and cultivating and using high-level talents.Based on plenty of relevant literatures, from the hierarchical structure, age structureand the degree structure, this dissertation researches in a comparative view betweenChina and foreign, highlights top talents’overall gap with foreign counterparts, in thisbasis, in the view of scientific advantage gained, investigates various factors whichimpact top talents’cultivation and development. This dissertation finds the lack oftwo-way self-selection relationship in the stage of potential talent, restricted top talentsplay their talent based on interest superiority; in the process of the potential talentchanges to the significant talent, top talents participates in military research mainly inroles of basic scientists and technical scientists, comparing technical scientists, basicscientists’professional path has a certain advantage; in the stage of significant talents,the process from strategy consulting to resources convergence to organization andmanagement to project implementation, which become an important accumulation,leads to a situation of "winner takes all" to the designer, which is not conducive to thegrowth of primary research; The mode of cultivating top talents in great engineering,which prevailed in defense areas after the founding, restricts top talents’accumulationof science advantage in talent’allocation, flow and transmission.The dissertation concludes that the top talents’growth should be finding necessarytension between task-oriented military research and interest-oriented freely exploration.The big project is the suitable platform for showing talent in the stage of significanttalents, is not the suitable platform for cultivation in the stage of potential talents. Usingthe inherent advantages of big projects mode, creating interest-oriented, free, relaxedatmosphere of innovation, building cultivation environment which incubates the bigscience and the small science, which should be an important work in cultivating andcreating top talents.更多还原