【作者】 罗军；

【导师】 张卫国；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 企业管理， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 随着科学技术的进步和知识经济的高速发展，员工知识逐渐成为企业发展的关键性战略资源，知识分享也成为企业提升竞争力的重要举措。特别是在多样化、个性化、机遇转瞬即逝的市场环境中，企业组织正在向扁平化、柔性化和网络化发展，这使得企业组织在很大程度上已经演变成为一个由各类主体及其关系所构成的复杂社会网络。在网络中，员工之间的知识分享关系及其结构构成了“躯干”，员工知识成为了“血液”。这一切改变了企业中传统的“等级式”、“分工式”、“二元式”人际关系，“世界是平的”已经成为人们在现实世界中的切身体验，因而员工知识分享行为无论从外延还是内涵方面均发生了巨大变化，这给该领域的研究人员带来了新的机遇，同时也提出了新的挑战。在企业员工知识分享系统中，由于员工知识的特殊性、社会关系结构的动态性、要素间关联的多元性等因素影响，知识分享行为的复杂性显著增加，这给传统的知识管理带来巨大的冲击，也对复杂社会网络条件下的企业员工知识分享提出全新的要求。特别是复杂社会网络上的种种过程形塑和协调了一定数量员工的知识分享行为及其互动关系策略，同时也被这些行为及关系策略所反作用，及使之呈现出不同于传统的均衡状态。在现代知识分工体系下，企业员工之间在知识层面的相互依赖，使得知识分享成为企业运营不可或缺的条件。但由于员工个体作为独立行为决策单位，皆保持着某种程度的自主权，并且出于种种原因，他们追求的利益不尽相同；因此，要促进员工知识分享就必须研究这些过程的实质，理解其背后的行为逻辑，并通晓其行为策略选择的理论基础。在此基础上，论文从复杂社会网络的视角对企业员工知识分享行为问题进行系统研究。在研究中，论文将员工知识分享行为分为关系行为和策略行为两个重要维度；综合运用行为经济学、社会网络分析、网络博弈及案例分析等理论工具方法；研究企业中员工知识分享的关系行为和知识分享关系网络的生成机理及其复杂结构特征；探索在复杂网络上员工知识分享行为策略背后的行为逻辑及分享策略选择规律；厘清知识分享关系网络与知识分享策略行为的相互影响机制，进而促进企业员工的知识分享，提升企业的竞争力。在研究中，论文主要从以下四个方面对上述问题进行了系统研究。①复杂社会网络上员工知识分享的关系行为、关系网络生成及结构特征研究论文从企业员工知识分享行为网络背景和员工社会关系为切入点，首先从随机关系行为入手，分析知识分享关系网络的生成机理和员工节点度分布；然后再充分考虑知识分享关系建立的成本和收益及知识分享关系的外部性，借鉴Jackson和Goyal等的策略网络形成思想，构建了企业员工知识分享关系行为的策略网络博弈模型，通过该博弈模型可以清楚地体现知识分享中关系行为的成本和收益。这样就可以使我们能够模拟当存在缔结和断开员工间知识分享关系的个体利益激励时，知识分享关系网络如何生成和发展，研究并预测在这种成本效应及外部效应下网络结构呈现形式和特征，进一步探讨了网络的稳定性与效率，为研究复杂社会网络对企业员工知识分享的策略行为的影响奠定理论基础。②复杂社会网络上员工知识分享的策略行为动力学过程研究论文所讨论的复杂社会网络上知识分享行为，实际上有两个相关问题。一个是结构层面的连通性，即谁和谁相连；另一个是在知识分享行为层面的连通性，即每个个体的知识分享行为对于系统中每个其他个体都有隐含的影响，知识分享关系网络个体的行为模式必须包含策略性行为选择和策略性推理。基于此，论文运用演化博弈的图论模型，通过频率相依的Moran过程刻画并分析了企业中员工知识分享策略行为的动力学过程。经过分析发现在复杂的知识分享关系网络中，知识分享策略的固定概率大小决定了选择过程中是否能够战胜知识隐匿策略成为员工群体中的演化稳定策略。论文进一步运用了平均场方法找出有利于知识分享策略在演化过程中胜出的条件是节点的邻居节点平均度要大于成本收益率，这将Nowak等的网络直接互惠拓展到间接互惠。③复杂社会网络上知识分享关系行为与知识分享策略行为的共演化分析在复杂社会网络环境中，员工知识分享的策略行为既受制于员工间知识分享网络结构，同时也反作用于员工关系行为选择。在前述理论的基础上，论文根据员工的策略行为不同引入了异质连接关系行为和活性连接关系行为，通过数理分析及计算机仿真方法，探索了员工关系行为如何影响员工知识分享的策略行为，找出网络动态变化对员工知识分享策略行为的影响机理；进一步研究知识分享关系行为与知识分享策略行为的共演化问题，厘清复杂社会网络上员工知识分享行为两个维度的相互作用规律。④选择合适的案例分析并检验复杂社会网络的知识分享行为理论结果在理论分析的基础上，以中国移动通信集团旗下某研究院为案例研究对象，运用社会网络分析为工具，通过量化的语言来描述这些关系数据，并利用社会网络分析软件对得到的关系数据的复杂网络特性(凝聚子群、可达性、网络密度、中心性、中介性、小世界等)进行分析，检验论文的部分理论结果，进一步探讨了企业员工知识分享行为如何受到其所处的社会网络关系所影响，实现了复杂社会网络上员工知识分享行为研究的定性与定量方法有效结合，并提出相应的对策和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of science and technology in the era of knowledgeeconomy, employees’ knowledge has become the key strategic resource of enterprisedevelopment and knowledge sharing has also become the important measures to enhancecompetitiveness. Especially in this diversified, personalized market where opportunitiesfleet soon, enterprise is developing into flat, flexible, and networked organization, whichhas made the enterprise evolve into a complex social network constituted by differentkinds of main body and its relationships. In the network, relationships betweenemployees’ knowledge sharing and its structure form the "trunk", and their knowledgebecomes the "blood". All this have changed the traditional hierarchical, specialized anddual relationship,"world is flat" has become people’s own experience in the real world,and no matter from connotation or denotation, behavior of employees knowledge sharinghas changed dramatically, which has brought new opportunities and also put forward anew challenge for researchers in this field.In the system of employees’ knowledge sharing, due to the particularity ofemployees’ knowledge, dynamics of the structure of social relations and diversitybetween elements, the complexity of knowledge sharing behavior has increasedsignificantly, which brings huge impact on traditional knowledge management and alsoputs forward new requirements about employees’ knowledge sharing in the complexsocial network. Especially, the various processes in complex social network have shapedand coordinated a certain number of knowledge sharing behavior of employees and theirinteractive relationship strategy, which will react these behaviors and relationshipstrategies as well and make it appear different traditional equilibrium. In the modernknowledge specialization system, employees’ interdependence on the knowledge makesknowledge sharing become the indispensable condition for the enterprise operation. Butsince employee is an independent behavior decision-making individual, all of themmaintain autonomy to some degree, and for various reasons, they pursue different profits;Therefore, to promote employees’ knowledge sharing, it is necessary to research theessence of these processes and understand the logic behind the behavior and thetheoretical basis of their behavior strategy choice.On this basis, the paper systematically researches the problems of the enterpriseknowledge sharing behavior of employees from the perspective of complex social network. In this study, the paper will divide employees’ knowledge sharing behavior intotwo dimensions: relationship behavior and strategy behavior; Through the integrated useof theoretical tools, such as behavioral economics, social network analysis, network gameand case analysis method, it also researches the generating mechanism behind employees’knowledge sharing behavior strategy in the complex network, and explores the mutualinfluence mechanism between knowledge sharing relational network and sharing strategybehavior, so as to promote the employees’ knowledge sharing and improvecompetitiveness.In this study, the thesis has mainly researched the above question systematicallyfrom the following four aspects.①The connotation, relationship，formation mechanism and structure characteristicsof complex social network in knowledge sharing.This paper starts with the background and the employees’ social relationship of theemployees’ knowledge sharing behavior. At the beginning, we analyze the formationmechanism and node degree distribution of knowledge sharing relationship networkthrough random relationship behavior. There is a breakthrough on the knowledge sharingbehavior of employees’ social relationship, considering the costs and benefits andexternalities of the relationship, we draw lessons from Jackson and Goyal’s research andconstruct a dynamic game model of employee social relations strategy network, the gamemodel reflects the connection relationship between costs and benefits clearly. Thus，wecan simulate the emergence and development of knowledge sharing relationship networkwhen there is personal motivation that generate or cut off the knowledge sharingrelationship between employees. Through the simulation we can make a prediction thatthe formation and characteristics of the structure of the network under the cost effect andexternalities and a further discussion about the relationship between the stability andefficiency of the network, and provide a theoretical foundation for the analysis of whatkind of network structure is for the employees to share knowledge.②The analysis of dynamic process of employee knowledge sharing behavior on thecomplex social network.Actually，there are two related questions in this research. One is the structuralconnectivity, which is how two persons connected. Another question is the connectivity inthe knowledge sharing behavior, namely, individual knowledge sharing behavior hasimplied effect on others in the system, individual behavior model must include strategicbehavior and strategic reasoning. Our research based on these studies and used the graph theory model of evolutionary game theory to depict and analyze the dynamic process ofknowledge sharing strategic behavior of employees through frequency dependent Moranprocess. Then we found that on complex social networks, the fixed probabilitiesdetermine whether the choice is advantageous to the mutation strategy to replace theoriginal one. Under complex social network structure, we try to use the mean field theoryto find out the condition which is conducive to knowledge sharing strategies in theevolutionary process. Finally, we found that the condition is the average degree ofneighbor nodes greater than the link cost and expanded Nowak’s et al. research.③The influence of social network structural complexity on strategy choice ofemployee knowledge sharing behavior.In a complex social network environment, the results of staff’s individual behaviorshould not be isolated, it is constrained by the structure of employee’s knowledge sharingnetwork and react to individual behavior. On the basis of the model, the paper introducesheterogeneous connection and active connection between employees, and explores howdifferent employees’ social network structure impact employee knowledge sharingbehavior strategy, find out the influence law for how the change of the network structureinfluence employee knowledge sharing behavior strategy choice. Thesis further studiedthe influence law. The law is on the same network structure under different topologicalnode position affects employee knowledge sharing behavior strategy choice and to clarifythe connection heterogeneity of employee knowledge sharing behavior of employees’strategy choice.④A appropriate case for analyzing and testing complex social network theory ofknowledge sharing behavior.On the basis of theoretical analysis, the paper chooses China Mobile Group DesignInstitute Co.，Ltd for case study, make use of the social network analysis tools, describethe relationship between these data through quantitative language, use social networkanalysis software to analyze the features (cohesive subgroups, accessibility, networkdensity, centrality, betweens, structural holes, small world, etc.) of complex network inthe system. In exploring how knowledge sharing influenced by its social network relation,the qualitative and quantitative research methods for complex social network in staffknowledge sharing has been combined. Thesis put forward the correspondingcountermeasure and the suggestion, which to promote employee’s knowledge sharing inthe enterprise.更多还原