【作者】 孟庆斌；

【导师】 金杰；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 电磁场与微波技术， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 近年来，射频识别（RFID）技术受到了广泛的关注和研究。目前相关的研究工作主要以无源RFID系统为对象。专门针对有源RFID系统开展的研究还相对较少。本文以有源RFID系统的主要部件——有源电子标签为对象，对其关键技术进行了系统的研究：应用协处理电路降低有源电子标签能量消耗，开发适用于有源电子标签的防碰撞算法和安全认证协议，设计支持有源电子标签自主获取环境中太阳能的能源管理系统，以及应用有源电子标签对特定物品进行定位等。本文主要的创新性工作如下：提出了利用协处理电路辅助微控制器工作以降低有源电子标签能耗的方法。协处理电路辅助微控制器进行指令解析和指令合法性判别等工作，使得微控制器可以最大限度处于休眠状态。仿真和实验结果表明，本方法可以降低有源电子标签的能耗。尤其是在多标签应用场合，可以显著降低电子标签的平均能耗。设计了适用于有源RFID系统的DFSA-RBTS防碰撞算法、ADFSA-RBTS防碰撞算法和以双向认证为核心的安全认证协议。DFSA-RBTS防碰撞算法以电子标签随机产生的Local ID和时隙码Solt为对象，在电子标签参与通信的初始时刻就考虑安全问题，保障了系统在防碰撞过程中的安全性。DFSA-RBTS算法可以获得40%以上的吞吐量。ADFSA-RBTS算法是对DFSA-RBTS算法的改进，并将吞吐量提高了7个百分点。本文所设计的安全认证协议将Hash函数和加密算法相结合，在阅读器与电子标签之间进行双向认证。该协议能够支持有源RFID系统接受来自电子标签的新鲜消息。同时，该协议为系统提供了可以有效抵御常见安全攻击的安全性能。提出了高性能的应用有源电子标签进行定位的方法。在每次定位操作开始之前，阅读器通过收集每个已知的定位参考标签和已定位标签的测距信息，得到测距误差分布。然后利用这一信息修正测距公式中所选用的环境参数，提高RSSI测距的准确度和稳定度。采用绝对距离与相对距离相结合的算法进行位置坐标计算，提高了定位的精度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has attractedwidespread attention and research. The current research work is mainly targeted atpassive RFID system. The research carried out specifically for active RFID system isrelatively rare. In this paper, the main components of the active RFID systems-activetag is the object, and the author carried out a systematic study of its key technologies:applying co-processing circuit to reduce the energy consumption of the active tags,developing anti-collision algorithms and security authentication protocol suitablefor active tag, designing energy management system which can support active tagsindependent access to the solar environment, as well as the applying active tags tolocate specific items. Innovative works in this paper are as follows:The author proposes the method that can take use of co-processing circuit auxiliarymicrocontroller to reduce the energy consumption of active electronic tags. Theco-processing circuit auxiliary microcontroller can do instruction parsing andcommand legitimacy of discrimination, so that the microcontroller can maximize adormant state. The simulation and experimental results show that this method canobviously reduce the energy consumption of active tags. Especially in a multi-labelapplication, it can significantly reduce the average energy consumption of electronictags.The author also designs the DFSA-RBTS anti-collision algorithm for active RFIDsystem, ADFSA-RBTS anti-collision algorithm and the security authenticationprotocol of which the mutual authentication is the core. The Local ID randomlygenerated from rag and the slot code Solt are the targets of the DFSA-RBTSanti-collision algorithm, and the algorithm considers security issues in the initial timeinvolved in the communication of the tags, so that the security of the system in theanti-collision process can be guaranteed. DFSA-RBTS algorithm can achieve athroughput of more than40%. ADFSA-RBTS algorithm improves DFSA-RBTSalgorithm, making throughput increase by7percentage. Security authenticationprotocol designed in this paper combines Hash functions and encryption algorithms,makes two-way authentication between the reader and tags. The protocol can supportactive RFID system to receive fresh news from the tags. At the same time, the protocol provides the system with the safety performance that can effectively resistthe common security attacks.Besides, the author also provides a good method with high performance of usingactive tags to achieve position. Prior to the start of each positioning operation, thereader can obtain ranging error distribution by collecting the ranging information ofeach of the known reference tags and positioned tags. Then we can use theenvironment parameters from this information correction ranging formula to improvethe accuracy and stability of the RSSI ranging. The algorithm of combining theabsolute distance and the relative distance to calculate the position coordinates canapparently improve the accuracy of positioning.更多还原