【作者】 张丹；

【导师】 马剑；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑环境艺术， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 《欧洲景观公约》作为第一个用于景观的国际公约，标志着欧盟景观政策的形成，同时也标志着“景观”正式纳入到欧盟政策层面。欧洲主要发达资本主义国家早在18世纪末，在工业革命和城市化进程的背景下，就出台了专门针对景观保护和管理的法律法规，经过一百多年的发展，欧洲各个国家的景观政策完成了从观念到纯技术手段，再到公共行政职能的转变。欧盟景观政策最终形成涉及到欧洲各个国家不同国家体制、城市化发展、经济发展、文化伦理、景观观念等多种元素彼此博弈和互动。这也确定了景观政策研究框架必然是多学科交叉体系。中国在经过改革开放三十年的发展，如今已同西方其他国家一起，在全球化背景下，在同一个世界、同一个发展环境之中面向未来。面临同样的发展机遇与挑战，对西方的经验与解决方法进行研究，对于我们探索自己的道路不无裨益。并且，国内对欧洲国家景观政策的研究仍不完善，有专题研究却缺乏体系的建构，很有必要进行补充。本文的研究正是在这样的社会与学术背景下，全文包括绪论共6个章节内容，各部分主要内容如下：第一章，对整体论文的研究背景与研究意义进行了阐述，界定了研究内容的时间和范围，并提出了论文的三个主要创新点：1）对英国、法国、北欧和欧盟景观政策进行详细的剖析和解读，根据其发展阶段特征归纳整体演变规律和特点，填补了我国在欧洲景观政策研究，尤其是英国和法国景观政策研究上的空白；2）分析19世纪以来欧洲国家景观政策产生和发展的内部逻辑因素，找出在这些因素影响下景观政策循环演变的根本动因，提炼出景观政策的研究方法和框架；3）通过对英国、法国和中国景观政策的比较研究，提出本项研究对我国景观政策的启示，指出景观政策在我国研究的发展方向。第二章对欧洲景观政策制定的构成因素进行分析解读；第三章对欧洲国家景观政策产生和发展的影响因素进行分析和解读；第四章对英国、法国、瑞典和荷兰的景观政策演变过程进行详细的分析、总结，归纳每个国家景观政策的特点，对欧盟景观政策的形成过程进行分析，归纳欧洲景观政策的特点；第五章对改革开放以来我国景观政策发展现状分析并归纳特点；第六章将英、法、中三国景观政策对比，通过对19世纪以来欧洲国家景观政策的研究，得出对我国景观政策发展的启示，提炼景观政策的研究方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the first international convention for the landscape,"European LandscapeConvention" is not only a marking of the formation of EU’s landscape policy, but alsomarks "landscape" is one of the EU political elements. The major developed capitalistcountries in Europe as early as the18th century, under the background of industrialrevolution and urbanization, these countries had already established laws andregulations specifically for landscape protection and management. After more than100years of development, the landscape protection laws and rules in Europeancountries have been completed from the values to a purely technical means, and thenfrom the functions of public administration.The final formation of EU’s policy in allcountries involved in different national systems in Europe, urbanization, economicdevelopment, cultural ethics, sense of landscape and other elements, and interactivewith each other. This study identified landscape policy framework must be extendedwith other subject areas, or the other theory to construct the theoretical framework ofit.After three decades of China’s development after the reform and opening up, nowour country together with other western countries under the globalization is in thesame world development environment for the future. Facing the similarlydevelopment opportunities and challenges, it is benefit for us to study their experienceand the solution of their own way. Moreover, in our country it is still not enough forthe study of the policies in European countries, especially the construction of thesystem, it is necessary to complement it to have a special study. This study is underthis background.The thesis is divided into six parts: In the first chapter presentation of the researchbackground and significance of the study, define the content and scope of the time,give three main innovations of the study:1) Analysis and interpret the UnitedKingdom, France, Nordic and European landscape policies, according to the stage ofdevelopment and the overall evolution summarize features and characteristics, fill theblank of the landscape policy research in Europe, especially in UK and France;2)Analysis internal logic elements of the landscape policies in European countries sincethe19th century, to identify the fundamental motivation of the evolution cycle under these factors, extracts research methods and framework;3) Through the comparativestudy of the United Kingdom, France and China in landscape policies, theenlightenment in China on this study, pointed out the development of landscapepolicy study in China.The second chapter, proposed the study structure of the policiesin European countries, refining influence factors related to landscape policy-making.The third chapter, analysis and find out the influence elements for the emergency anddevelopment of the policies in European countries since the19th century. The fourthchapters summarize the development of landscape policies in Britain, France, Swedenand Holland, refining the features of each country’s, and summarize the developmentof landscape policies of EU, refining characteristics of it. The fifth chapters summedup China’s current policies of the landscape, since the reform and opening up. Thesixth chapter contrasts the Britain, France landscape policy with China, through thestudy above, pointed out the development of landscape policy study in China, extractsresearch methods.更多还原