【作者】 张袁娟；

【导师】 张建华；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 地形地质条件是影响爆破地震波传播的关键因素,露天矿山特殊的深凹地形条件造就了其爆破地震波传播的特殊性,传统的萨道夫斯基公式已无法准确预测矿山周围的爆破振动速度峰值。因此,必须找出适合深凹露天矿山的特点的爆破震动传播规律。基于爆破振动峰值振速预测,分析了相同爆心距、不同起爆点的条件下,预留边帮平台上不同测点峰值振速的变化规律。结果表明：爆源到底部顶点的水平距离和测点到台阶顶部顶点的水平距离相对空间位置对爆破振速的预测有很大影响作用。通过理论分析得出爆破振动波在岩体中传播、衰减的物理机制,分析了波在露天矿特殊地形中的传播规律,首先通过波在介质中的反射和透射理论,对高程放大效应进行了论证,并结合前人研究经验,得出高程放大效应并不是无限放大的结论。通过波在单一介质中的传播和多层介质中的传播理论,得出弹性波在岩体爆破体系中的衰减规律,为研究爆破振动衰减规律提供了重要的理论依据。运用LS-DYNA程序对露天矿台阶爆破进行了三维数值模拟并结合能量分析,研究了爆破振动总能量和峰值振速随着爆心距的衰减规律,研究结果表明：爆破振动峰值振速的衰减规律符合能量的衰减趋势,都发生在爆破振动的近区。引入了爆破损伤因子,应用LS-DYNA软件的JHC损伤本构模型,模拟了炸药在岩体中爆炸过程,得出了破碎区和裂隙区半径的范围。在爆破损伤理论的基础上,结合波动理论得出设置缓冲孔的生产爆破最高减震率可达到50%,损伤范围也明显小于没有设置缓冲孔的结论。结合能量分析和量纲分析,提出了影响爆破振动的主要因素,确定量纲分析的基变量,然后运用量纲分析对爆破振动预测公式进行了推导,得出反映爆源到台阶底部顶点水平距离和测点到台阶顶部顶点水平距离相关的爆破振动公式,且运用了Matlab软件编制了程序并结合数值模拟对所推导出的预测公式进行误差分析。现场使用结果表明,文中推导的预测公式能准确、有效地预测预报深凹露天矿山生产爆破振动峰值速度,对于露天矿山安全生产有着非常重要的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Topography and geology condition is the key factor to influence the propagation of blasting seismic wave, and due to the particularity of blasting seismic wave which is reduced from the special topography condition of deep open-pit mine, the peak particle velocity of blasting vibration around mines has not been predicted by traditional Sadov’s empirical formula. Therefore, it is much needed to find a suitable propagation law of blasting vibration in deep open-pit mine.In this paper, based on the prediction of peak particle velocity of blasting vibration, it is analyzed that the variation law of peak particle velocity of different measured points on reserved boundary bench at the situation of same blasting center distance and different initiation point. The result is that the horizontal distances at different space positions between initiation point to step’s bottom and between measuring points to step’s vertex significantly influence the prediction of blasting vibration.By using theoretical analysis, physical mechanism that blasting vibration wave propagate and decay in the rock can be obtained; analyze the law of wave propagate in the special topography open-pit mine, including using the theory wave reflection and transmission propagate in the medium to demonstrate elevation amplification firstly, and combination previous study experience secondly, finally, concluding that elevation amplification which is not in finitely amplified has its peak value.Through the theorys of wave propagating in the homogeneous medium and multilayer media, attenuation law of elastic wave propagate in the rock can be gotten, which provides important theoretical basis for studying the attenuation law of blasting vibration.Using LS-DYNA to study the three-dimensional numerical simulation of open pit bench blasting, combined with energy analysis, study the attenuation law of blasting vibration total energy and peak particle velocity with the variation of blast center distance. The results show that the attenuation law of peak particle velocity is coincident with the attenuation law of blasting vibration total energy, all happened in the near area of blasting center.Simulate the explosive process by introduced the blasting injury factor, and using the damage constitutive model JHC of LS-DYNA, and get the radius of fragmentation zone and crack area.Base on the blasting injury theory and wave theory, conclude that buffer blasting can reduce the blasting vibration up to50%. The range of injury is smaller obviously than having not using buffer blasting hole.Combined with energy analysis and dimensional analysis, the main influence factors of blasting vibration is put forward and determine the basic variable of dimensional analysis, after which the blasting vibration forecasting formula is derived base on dimensional analysis, then get the very formula which reflect the flat distance between the explosion source and step bottom, and the flat distance between measuring point and step vertex. Besides, do the error analysis for the derived formula, using Matlab program composition combined with the numerical simulation.The field test results show that the derivation formula predict the peak particle velocity of blasting vibration in deep open-pit mine correctly and effectively, which has a great guiding significance to the safety of open-pit mine.更多还原