【作者】 陈荣武；

【导师】 诸昌钤；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 基于通信的列车控制系统(Communication Based Train Control, CBTC)是城市轨道交通移动闭塞系统的关键组成部分之一。本文针对CBTC系统性能分析和优化策略展开研究,并开发出一套针对于城市轨道交通的列车运行仿真系统,对于辅助城市轨道交通列车运行控制系统设计,提高列车运行效率和保障列车运行安全具有理论研究意义和实际应用价值。本文的主要研究成果包括：列车速度控制数学模型是列车运行仿真的基础,本文通过对IEEE1474.1推荐安全制动模型的研究,分析了基于动力学模型和基于能量平衡模型的两种列车超速防护算法,并进行了比较,根据两种算法的关系在仿真系统中进行综合运用,以提高列车超速防护算法的效率。以列车超速防护算法为基础,在仿真系统的列车速度控制模型中分别建立紧急制动触发曲线算法、全常用制动触发曲线算法、命令速度算法和列车实际速度控制算法。该算法经过仿真测试可以应用到实际的列车超速防护系统中。论文针对城市轨道交通系统中在某些情形下,列车在车站区域的追踪间隔过大而导致系统整体性能降低的问题,对已有的CBTC系统列车追踪间隔算法进行了分析,提出了一种基于站台限速值和限速区域参数调整的正线列车追踪间隔的优化方法。该方法通过建立系统模型和仿真得到站台限速设置、列车追踪间隔和列车旅行速度的关系,从而获得优化的设置方案。通过仿真测试,表明该方法能够优化系统关键区域的列车追踪间隔,提高系统性能。CBTC列车和非CBTC列车混合运行模式下的列车追踪间隔计算是实际工程系统设计中一个比较困难的问题。为解决不同控制模式的转换区域或在同一区域列车处于不同控制模式下的追踪间隔计算问题,本文提出了一种基于线路特定位置与其闭塞区域的追踪间隔计算方法,位置-闭塞区域方法(PBAM, Position-BlockArea Method)。应用该方法在仿真系统中可计算出线路上任意一点的追踪间隔,并可得到线路上连续的追踪间隔曲线。车辆段到正线间的转换区域是典型的混合驾驶模式的线路区段,实际工程应用中,在系统设计阶段往往比较难以准确地求得该区段的列车追踪间隔,若应用论文中提出PBAM方法,通过列车运行仿真,可以计算出列车在该区段的各个位置的追踪间隔,从而可以验证系统设计是否满足要求。准确的能耗计算是其他能耗优化算法实现的基础。本文从CBTC列车控制系统速度调整算法的角度对列车运行的能耗计算进行了研究,由于列车控制系统最终实现列车运行控制,并决定了列车能耗的大小,因此该计算方式能具有较高的准确性和可控性。在能耗分析中,单独分析了列车在制动过程中的再生制动能量,为下一步多专业协调研究提高系统对再生制动能量的吸收率打下基础。在满足系统列车调整需要的情况下实现节能和环保,是目前研究的一项重要课题,本文提出了一种基于遗传算法的列车运行能耗优化算法。该算法以降低列车牵引能耗为目标,对列车在区间的运行速度进行组合优化,得到列车对应于不同运行等级的能耗优化速度曲线的满意解。通过仿真测试,该方法除了在需要以最高能力运营的高峰时间之外,其他运行等级对应的能耗优化速度曲线均有很好的节能效果。能耗优化之后的列车速度曲线,能充分利用节能坡的土建特点进行能耗优化,同时也可尽量避免因区间限速导致的过大的制动和牵引。论文最后给出了CBTC仿真系统的设计与实现,从系统设计的层面提出了智能列车调度系统(ITDS)的实现模型,在保持现有列车自动监控系统结构稳定性的同时加强系统对先进算法的应用能力,并提供一个开放的算法测试平台,为后续的进一步研究提供条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 Communication Based Train Control system, CBTC, is one of the most important components of the moving block system in the urban rail transit system. The CBTC system performance analysis and the optimization are studied in this thesis, and meanwhile an urban rail transit train simulation system is developed for the test of the study, hereby it is called CBTC Simulation System. The CBTC Simulation System cannot only be used for the theory study but also as the design assistant in the real project of the train control system to improve the system performance and safety. The main contributions of this thesis are:Train speed control mathematical model is the basis of the train movement simulation. On the study of the IEEE1474.1recommended safety braking model, the kinematic based algorithm and the energy balance based algorithm are analyzed and compared with each other for the calculation of the over-speed protection function. The calculation speed is improved by synthesizing the two algorithms, i.e. choosing whichever algorithm in the different braking stage. Derived from the emergency trigger speed, full service braking speed profile, command speed profile and the train actual speed profile is established in the CBTC Simulation System. The speed regulation algorithm simulated and tested can be adopted in the train over speed protection system.In order to solve the problem that the system performance is impacted by increased train headway in the station area in an urban rail transit system, the calculation algorithm of train headway was analyzed and a headway optimization method was provided based on the platform speed restriction and the speed restriction area parameters adjustment for the CBTC system. In this method, an optimized train headway can be gotten from the relationship of platform speed restriction setting, train headway and travel speed. The relationship is obtained by a simulation. From the simulated and tested on the CBTC Simulation System, it is proved that this method can optimize the headway in the critical area of the system so that to improve the whole system performance.It is always a difficult task to calculate the train tracking headway in the mixed operation of CBTC mode train and Non-CBTC mode train. In order to solve this problem to calculate the headway in either the adjacent area of two different system control modes or a area with different control mode trains, a particular position and block area method, PBAM (Position-BlockArea Method), is introduced in this thesis. With this method, the CBTC Simulation System can calculation the headway for every particular position to produce the position-headway profile. The transfer track between depot/yard and the mainline is the typical area of the mixed mode train operation that is difficult to calculate the headway in the real project. By using the PBAM method in the CBTC Simulation System, the headway of the transfer track in every position can be precisely calculated and the position-headway profile can be provided to prove the current system design is acceptable or not.The precision of the energy consumption during the train movement is the basis of the algorithms for energy consumption optimization. This thesis studied the train energy consumption algorithm from the aspect of the CBTC train speed regulation. Since CBTC system calculates the train tracking/braking status in the train speed regulation algorithm and sends the current tracking/braking command and the effort to the train tracking/braking system, which determines the train energy consumption in the operation, this algorithm can have more precision and controllability. The regenerative braking energy is specifically described in the algorithm for the further study of the regenerative braking energy absorption.Satisfied the train speed regulation, energy saving and pollution reduction is another important study in the urban rail transit train control system. In this thesis, a genetic algorithm based train traction energy saving method is studied. The object is to reduce the train traction energy by the combinatorial optimization of the train speed profile in the inter-station section. The energy saving optimized speed profiles will be generated for each performance level. By the test of simulation, energy optimized speed profile can make the best use of the energy saving civil grade and avoid the frequent braking and tracking due to the inter-section speed restriction. The effective energy saving can be achieved for each performance level except in the rush hour that imposed the maximum train speed by the timetable. The energy optimized speed profile can make the best use of the energy saving civil grade and avoid the frequent braking and tracking due to the inter-section speed restriction.The CBTC simulation system design and the implementation are described in the last of the thesis. In order to avoid the dramatically modifying the original system structure and provide an open testing platform for the future advanced algorithm study, an ITDS model, Intelligent Train Dispatching System is designed in the system design level.更多还原