【作者】 徐顺刚；

【导师】 许建平；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的快速发展,我国对能源的需求逐年增加,如今全球的化石燃料资源不断枯竭,世界能源危机不断加重。太阳能和风能等可再生能源具有清洁无污染等优点,并且取之不尽用之不竭,必将成为人类未来电能需求的主要来源,也是我国缓解能源危机和提高能源安全的重要手段。目前,太阳能和风能等可再生能源在我国电能产量中所占的比例极低,因此开发太阳能和风能等可再生能源已经成为了我国的当务之急。对于太阳能和风能等可再生能源的开发利用,其关键技术在于能量的存储以及逆变控制技术,本文针对采用可再生能源发电的分布式供电系统,重点研究了储能子系统中的电池均衡管理技术和逆变控制技术,论文的主要工作和研究成果如下：(1)针对应用于储能系统中的开关电阻型均衡电路和反激升压变换器型均衡电路,研究了电池组均衡充电控制系统电路模型,并提出了相应的均衡充电控制策略,该控制策略不但能够实现电池组快速充电,而且能够减小甚至消除单体电池不一致对电池组循环寿命的影响。(2)针对单相SPWM逆变电源输出电压中存在的大量高次谐波引起的电磁干扰问题,提出了一种采用跳频调制技术对逆变电源的输出频谱进行调制的方法,该方法可以降低逆变电源输出谐波的幅度,从而达到抑制其电磁辐射的目的。(3)通过极坐标的形式研究并联逆变电源的功率流,首次提出将逆变电源的输出功率向量分解为两个正交的子向量,子向量的长度则分别受逆变电源输出电压幅度和相位角独立控制。基于该分析方法,对各种并联逆变电源下垂控制设计方法进行了归纳,指出除目前的几种方法外,还可以通过把逆变电源设计为纯电容性输出阻抗进行并联控制设计,并给出了其下垂控制策略。(4)针对逆变电源双机并联系统,通过极坐标的形式研究系统环流与逆变电源电压差和相位差的关系,首次提出将环流向量分解为两个正交的子向量,两个正交的子向量的长度分别受逆变电源间的电压差和相位差的独立控制,在极坐标系中,这两个子向量的角度由逆变电源等效输出阻抗的阻抗角决定。(5)提出了一种基于输出环流解耦的逆变电源并联控制策略,通过把输出环流分解为有功环流和无功环流,然后对有功环流和无功环流进行解耦,分别控制逆变电源的输出电压幅度和相位。针对有功电流和无功电流的分解,通过把单相逆变电源的输出电流构造为三相平衡电流,进而使用瞬时无功理论对电流进行分解得到有功电流和无功电流。(6)提出了一种基于开关时间预测的并网逆变电源恒定频率电流滞环控制策略,该控制策略通过实时预测开关切换时间控制逆变电源进行工作,不需要处理滞环宽度,从而简化了控制电路。针对采用该控制策略的单相并网逆变电源,详细的分析了逆变电源输出的稳态性能和瞬态性能,以及滤波电感的感量与设计值不一致时对逆变电源性能的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the society and economy, the demand of the energy is increasing year by year in our country. The fossil fuel reserve is limited and many countries are faced with the danger of the energy resources crisis. Solar and wind energy are renewable and clean energy resources and are inexhaustible. In order to relieve the energy resources crisis, every country pays more and more attention to the development of renewable energy resources, our country also emphasizes it very much. For the development and utilization of the renewable energy resources, the keys are the energy storage technology and power supply inverter control technology. Aimed at the distributed power supply system in renewable energy resources development, this paper focus on the research of battery management technology of energy storage system and inverter control technology, and the following results have be achieved:(1) Aiming at the switched-resistor and fly-back converter equalization circuit of battery management system, this paper studies the equalization circuit model, then corresponding charge equalization control strategy is proposed. The proposed strategy can not only quickly charge the battery, but also increase the lifecycle of the battery.(2) A method adopting frequency-hopping spread spectrum modulation technology is put forward to suppress the harmonics of single-phase. It expands the frequency spectrum of the conventional inverter from single point to a wider band, and it makes harmonic energy of output voltage extend to a wider area evenly. Consequently, the method can reduce the output harmonic amplitude of the inverter. Then, the EMI of inverter is suppressed.(3) In inverter parallel operating system, the relationship between the inverter power flow and the output voltage and phase of the inverter is systemically studied for the first time in polar coordinate system. It is pointed out that the output power vector is made up of two orthmetric sub-vectors, and the length of these two sub-vectors is controlled independently by the amplitude and phase of the inverter respectively.(4) In two inverter parallel operating system, the relationship between the system circulating current and the differenced of voltage amplitude and phase of two inverter is systemically studied for the first time. It is pointed out that, in polar coordinate system, the system circulating current vector is made up of two orthmetric sub-vectors, and the length of these two sub-vectors is independently controlled by the differences of inverter output voltage amplitude and phase respectively, and the angle of the sub-vectors is decided by the output impedance angle of the inverter. (5) Aimed at single phase inverter parallel operating, a current decoupling control strategy is proposed, which decomposes the output current into active component and reactive component according to the instantaneous reactive power theory. The active and reactive current is decoupled to regulate the amplitude and phase of the output voltage, respectively. By using instantaneous reactive power theory, the proposed decoupling control strategy obtains good transient response performance and has the features of simplified algorithm, fast calculation speed and easy digital processing.(6) A novel constant frequency current hysteresis control strategy for grid-connected inverter based on switch time predication is proposed. The proposed control strategy retains the benefit of fast dynamic response of the conventional current hysteresis control, with constant switch frequency. The proposed current hysteresis control is based on the switch time prediction, with no hysteresis bandwidth is needed, and the circuit design is simplified.更多还原