【作者】 花蕾；

【导师】 高坤；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 有机化学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 本文系统研究了四种药用植物的化学成分及部分化合物的生物活性,其中包括三种菊科植物驱虫斑鸠菊(Vernonia anthelmintica Willd)、褐毛橐吾(Ligularia achyrotricha(Diels) Ling)、菊叶千里光(Senecio chrysanthemoides DC)和一种杜英科植物圆果杜英(Elaeocarpus ganitrus)。驱虫斑鸠菊具有清热、消炎、活血化瘀、杀虫祛斑的作用；褐毛橐吾的根和叶有清热解毒的功效,在藏药部颁标准中长期用来治疗白喉、疫疠、皮肤病等；菊叶千里光具有活血、消肿的功效,用于治疗跌打损伤,痈疮肿疡；圆果杜英对中枢神经系统有镇静作用,对治疗中等、慢性疼痛有一定效果。采用常规的萃取、硅胶柱层析(CC)、制备薄层层析(PTLC)、高效液相(HPLC)、重结晶等手段从上述四种植物中分离得到了94个化合物。利用各种现代波谱技术(IR、UV、CD、EIMS、ESIMS、HRESIMS、1H NMR、13C NMR, DEPT、NOEd、1H-1HCOSY、HSQC、HMBC、NOESY)、X-ray单晶衍射分析和CD激了手性分析方法,确定了90个化合物的结构,其中16个为新化合物。从驱虫斑鸠菊的地上部分得到40个化合物,并鉴定了其中38个化合物的结构(有12个为新化合物),主要涉及甾体、甾体糖苷、三萜、黄酮、倍半萜、木脂素、斑鸠菊酸和长链脂肪酸甘油酸酯等结构类型；从褐毛橐吾的根部得到了25个化合物,确定了其中24个化合物的结构,有1个为新化合物,化合物的结构类型包括吡咯里西啶生物碱、木脂素、松柏醇和芥子醇衍生物、甾体、三萜和黄酮等；从菊叶千里光中分离得到了7个化合物；从圆果杜英的地上部分分离得到了22个化合物,确定了其中21个化合物的结构,有3个为新化合物,化合物的结构类型有吲哚里西啶生物碱、三萜、甾体、维生素E、泛醌类等化合物。此外,利用X-单晶衍射分析方法和CD激了手性方法确定了12个新的甾体化合物(Va1—Va 12)的绝对构型。本文对部分化合物的生物活性也做了研究。利用微量肉汤稀释法将驱虫斑鸠菊中的部分甾体类化合物(Va 1、Va 5、Va 7、Va 9、Va13、Va 15、Va16、Va 19和Va 20)对蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)的抗菌活性进行了评价,实验结果表明化合物Va 13对这4种细菌均显示了较好的抗细菌活性,MIC值的范围是3.15～15.5μmL我们还研究了这些化合物对人卵巢颗粒样细胞(KGN细胞)的雌激素生物合成的作用,发现化合物Va 13显示了促进雌激素生物合成的作用,ECso值为56.95μg/mL其次,对从褐毛橐吾根部分离得到的化合物La 1的细胞毒活性的研究发现,其对人早幼粒急性白血病细胞(HL-60)和人肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721)有中等的抑制活性。第三,我们还对圆果杜英地上部分分离得到的生物碱Es 8—Es 10进行了抗乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的测试。最后,本论文就2004年以来斑鸠菊属植物在化学成分和生物活性方面的研究进行了综述,为该属植物的进一步深入研究提供了一些参考依据。本论文研究结果可望为传统民间中草药的活性成分、构效关系研究、药理学、植物化学分类学及新药筛选提供科学依据,为更好地开发和利用这些天然资源提供有益的帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chemical components and bioactivities of some compounds of four medicinal plants were researched systematically, including three Compositae species(Vernonia anthelmintica Willd, Ligularia achyrotricha (Diels) Ling, and Senecio chrysanthemoides DC.) and one southern plants belonging to the family of Elaeocarpus(Elaeocarpus sphaericus). V. anthelmintica Willd have been used for the treatment of asthma, hiccough, inflammatory swellings, sores, and itching of the eyes. The roots and leaves of Z. achyrotricha have heat-clearing and detoxic effects and have been used as an important species of traditional Tibetan medicine for a long time to treat dermatosis, diphtheria, and pestilence. S. chrysanthemoides DC. posses efficacy of invigoration the circulation of blood and soothing pain. E. sphaericus is used also as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine due to its calming effect on central nervous system and having a certain effect on the treatment of moderate chronic pain.94 compounds were isolated from these plants by means of silica gel column chromatography (CC), preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and recrystallization etc. Then various spectroscopic methods including IR, UV, CD, EIMS, ESIMS, HRESIMS,1HNMR,13C NMR, DEPT, NOEd,’H-’H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, single-crystal X-ray crystallography and CD exciton chirality method were used to elucidate the structures of 90 compounds, among which there were sixteen new compounds.40 compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of V. anthelmintica Willd, and 38 compounds (including 12 new compounds) of them were elucidated. Their structures were determined as steroids, steroidal glycosides, triterpenoids, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, etc.25 compounds (including 1 new compound) were isolated and 24 were elucidated from the roots of Z. achyrotricha. The structures of them included pyrrolizidine alkaloid, lignans, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol derivatives, steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, etc.7 compounds were separated from S. chrysanthemoides.22 compounds (including 3 new compounds) were obtained and 21 were elucidated from the aerial parts of E. sphaericus. The structures of these compounds were confirmed as alkaloid, triterpenoids, steroids, Vitamin E, ubiquinone, etc. Moreover, the absolute configurations of compounds Va 1- Va 12 were deduced using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the CD exciton chirality method.The bioactivities of some of these compounds were also studied. Firstly, micro-broth dilution method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of steroids from the aerial parts of V. anthelmintica Willd(Va 1、Va 5、Va 7、Va 9、Va 13、Va15、Va 16、Va 19 and Va 20) against Staphylococcus aureus. Bacillus cereus. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Compound Va 13 showed antibacterial activity against these bacteria with MICs ranging from 3.15 to 15.5μg/mL. We also examined their effects on estrogen biosynthesis in human ovarian granulosa-like KGN cells. Va 13 showed the ability to promote estrogen biosynthesis with ECso of 56.95μg/mL. Secondly, compound La 1 from the roots of L. achyrotricha exhibited moderate activity against HL-60 and SMMC-7721 cells. Lastly, the AChE inhibitory activities for three alkaloids Es 8-Es 10 from the aerial parts of E.sphaericus were tested.Finally, the chemical constituents and their activities of the species of genus Vernonia reported from 2004 were reviewed in this dissertation. We hoped this review was useful to chemotaxonomy of subtribe Vernonia.The results of this dissertation will be supplement for the research on phytochemistry, the relationship of structure and activity, biological activity, chemotaxonomy and screening new medicines. Moreover, they are meaningful in providing scientific evidence to further development and utilization of traditional natural medicine resources.更多还原