【作者】 李兵；

【导师】 丁烈云；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 工程管理， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 建筑业是以消耗大量的自然资源以及造成沉重的环境负面影响为代价的,我国建筑能耗占全社会总能耗约30.2%。据统计：建筑活动使用了人类所使用的自然资源总量的40%,能源总量的40%,而造成的建筑垃圾也占人类活动产生的垃圾总量的40%。建筑建造、使用和拆除过程中对能源的消耗及固体废弃物的处理将带来巨大的温室气体排放量,预计2030年建筑业产生的温室气体将占全社会排放量的25%。因此,加大力度建设低碳建筑迫在眉睫。本文对英国、美国、德国、日本以及我国低碳建筑的建设情况进行了分析和对比,在借鉴国内外相关研究的基础上,提出构建我国低碳建筑管理模式,应包含低碳目标规划、低碳组织保障、低碳技术保障、低碳节能效果测评等内容。低碳建筑必须在建筑物的外部条件、技术设备和建筑主体三者相互作用下共同实现建筑物的节能减碳目标。本文分析了低碳建筑的运行机理,构建了低碳技术集成模型,并总结现有低碳技术,将其分为10大系统,140余项技术,建立低碳建筑技术体系,便于建筑物进行低碳技术的选取。在此基础上,深入探讨了低碳建筑技术规划方案的比选方法和优化模型,以实现低碳技术规划方案中设备结构和能源使用结构的最优化。此外,提出对建筑物规划设计方案进行能耗分析的工具、方法和主要内容,使用相关低碳节能分析软件对低碳建筑的规划设计方案进行整体能耗分析不仅是对所选方案低碳性能的验证,还为低碳建筑全寿命周期中使用维护阶段的碳排放测算提供了数据基础。建筑物碳排放量,是建筑物低碳目标实现与否的首要指标。本文从全寿命周期的角度进行建筑物碳排放测评方法的研究,分别对设计阶段、安全施工阶段、使用维护阶段、拆除清理阶段的碳排放来源进行了盘查,构建低碳建筑碳排放测算模型,明确了各阶段碳排放测算的方法和测算清单,建立了一套完整的低碳建筑物碳排放测算指南,并采用BIM技术在施工阶段建立了基于施工方案的动态碳排放测算模型,可实现实时的建筑物碳排放监控。针对以上研究内容,以武汉国际博览中心项目为案例,从低碳技术规划方案的比选和优化,低碳规划方案的能耗分析以及全寿命周期碳排放测算的角度分别进行了实证分析和研究。本文构建了全面的低碳建筑技术体系和全寿命周期碳排放测算模型,实现了低碳建筑碳排放的定量化、可视化和智能化。不仅为武汉国际博览中心项目全寿命周期的低碳建设提供了技术保障,也将为我国其他低碳建筑的健康、迅速发展提供强大的理论依据和实践指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction industry is developing at the cost of large consumption of natural resources and negative environmental impacts. In china, building energy consumption accounts for about 30.2% of total energy consumption of the whole society. According to statistics, construction activities have consumed 40% of total human natural resources and 40% of the total human energy. In the meantime, the amount of construction wastes has reached to 40% of the total human activities wastes. Energy consumption and solid wastes treatment will cause tremendous greenhouse gas emissions in construction, use and demolition process. It is estimated that the greenhouse gases generated by construction industry will be 25% of the total social emissions. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to construct low carbon buildings.The study was based on correlational researches home and abroad, especially the researches in UK、USA、Germany and Japan. In this dissertation, a low-carbon construction management mode was proposed, which includes low-carbon construction object program, low-carbon organization guarantee, low-carbon technology guarantee and low-carbon energy-saving effect evaluation.The carbon reduction goal of a building should be met based on the interaction among external conditions of the building, technical equipment and the building itself. This dissertation analyzed the operation mechanism of low-carbon construction, built an integrated model of low-carbon energy-saving technologies. Besides, it summarized the existing low-carbon energy-saving technologies, and divided more than 140 technologies into 10 systems, all of which will benefit the efficiency of selecting low-carbon technologies. On this basis, the low-carbon technologies selection methods and the optimization model were deeply studied so as to achieve the optimization of device structure and energy use structure in the low-carbon technologies program.Carbon emission of a building is the primary indicator of low-carbon construction. This dissertation studied the assessment methods for carbon emissions from the perspective of the whole life cycle of a building. Specifically, the carbon sources were firstly classified from the design stage、construction stage、maintenance stage to the removal and clean-up stage; And then, carbon emission calculation methods and calculation list at various stages were defined; Based on these steps, a carbon emission calculation model was built and a complete set of carbon emission calculation guide for low-carbon buildings was created. Besides, BIM technology was also used to establish a dynamic carbon emission calculation model at the operation stage of a building on the basis of the construction scheme so as to realize real-time monitoring over carbon emissions of the building.Taking the Wuhan International Expo Center project as an example, this dissertation conducted empirical analysis and research, including the selection and optimization of different low-carbon technology programs, the calculation of carbon emissions during a building’s whole life cycle and the analysis of energy consumption for the low-carbon planning scheme.In this dissertation, a comprehensive technology system for low-carbon buildings and a whole life-cycle carbon emissions calculation model were established to achieve the objective of quantitative, visual and intelligent low-carbon construction. This model provides technical support for life-cycle low carbon construction in the project of Wuhan International Expo Center. In addition, it also offers a strong theoretical basis and practical guidance for healthy and quick development of low-carbon construction in China.更多还原