【作者】 王立平；

【导师】 韩广富；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 马克思主义中国化研究， 2012， 博士

【副题名】以内蒙古草原为例

【摘要】 本文从生态伦理的视角研究蒙古族生态文化，分析蒙古族生态文化中的生态伦理智慧与现代西方生态伦理思想相连的切入点，探求内蒙古生态恶化的深层次原因，提出内蒙古生态文明构建的人文条件、物质条件和制度保障。生态危机的发生和自然环境的残破，使现代人不得不反思人与自然的关系，经过反思形成了人类中心主义和非人类中心主义两大流派。我国学者在研究生态伦理学的过程中充分吸收了西方环境伦理学的知识和最新成果，追踪西方环境伦理发展的动态，并对中国传统文化中具有环境伦理的思想进行合理汲取，取得了许多独具特色、有价值的研究成果。内蒙古生态环境遭受破坏日趋严重，使自然条件进一步恶化，已成为制约内蒙古经济和社会发展的重要原因。内蒙古草原面临着前所未有的挑战。草原生态环境不断恶化，逐年走向荒漠化。由于在草原的开发利用中普遍存在着利益驱动下的不合理的人为活动，从而加大了草原的承载力，破坏草原生态恢复规律，加剧了草原退化的程度。导致内蒙古草原生态恶化的深层次原因，是在思想观念上的重农轻牧理念。多年来政府一直以实现草原的经济功能为主，在畜牧业发展上一直把牲畜数量作为衡量发展的指标，对草原生态恢复的投入严重不足。政府主导下的草原大开垦，除了给草原的生态带来危害外，还给草原带来了沉重的人口负担。因而，在草原开发和治理过程中导致政策上的失误。近百年来，人为滥垦内蒙古草原的结果，导致了草原的严重退化和沙化。蒙古高原上的开荒史已经证明，蒙古高原是不宜于垦种而宜于畜牧业。因此，草原生态文明的构建迫在眉睫。内蒙古必须制定和实施能够促进经济发展，保护环境，节约自然资源的生态措施，同时能够遵循草原生态环境规律，构建人与自然和谐共存的发展模式。草原生态文明构建的人文基础是在马克思主义生态理论的指导下，建立人与自然和谐共处新的文明理念；这是对中国传统文化和蒙古族生态文化的继承和发展。蒙古族生态文化史是一部漫长的游牧发展史，是蒙古人在北方特殊的地理环境和气候条件下适应过程中形成的独具特色的生存方式。蒙古族在长期的生产劳动中，逐渐创造了一整套适应内蒙古高原自然环境条件的独具特色的生产生活方式、社会制度、风俗习惯以及宗教信仰。蒙古族游牧文化中的生态智慧是蒙古族处理人与自然关系时所采取的基本态度和理性思考。草原文化几千年生存和发展的历史，显示出了它巨大的生命力，其中有许多值得珍视的内在因素和合理价值，如对天地万物的崇拜；对自然生物的禁忌、四季轮牧、游牧方式等都很好地适应和保护了草原生态环境。因此，在研究草原文化的基础上，提出草原生态文明发展的新思路。草原生态治理是一个综合性的系统工程，涉及牧区经济、社会、生态、民族、文化、教育等多个方面。草原生态治理过程中，必须统筹考虑人草畜平衡，以牧民利益为本，以草原生态科学为基础，积极支持生态移民政策，建立健全生态补偿机制，扶持牧区畜牧业生产，加大投入；压缩畜群，以草定畜；减轻人类活动对草原环境的压力，实现退耕还林还草；建立草地自然保护区，严禁乱采滥挖和乱伐行为。严格的法律制度是草原治理的重要保障。只有合理的人畜草结构才能推动畜牧业的发展。草原生态文明的构建，不仅有利于提高人们环境意识和人与自然界之间关系的认识，而且还对内蒙古经济与社会的可持续发展，进而构建社会主义和谐社会等诸多方面具有较大的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the author, analyses connecting points between the ecologicalethical wisdom in Mongolian ecological culture and modern western ethics, andexplores the deep reasons of the deterioration of ecological environment, and putsforward human conditions, material conditions and system guarantee in InnerMongolian ecological civilization construction,from the perspective of ecologicalethics to studying Mongolian ecological culture. Ecological crisis and the natural environment of the broken, make modern people to rethink the relationship between human and nature, after reflection formed of anthropocentrism and non anthropocentrism two schools. Chinese scholars in the study of ecological ethics in the process of the full absorption of the western environmental ethics knowledge and the latest achievements of the western environmental ethics, tracking the dynamic development, and the Chinese traditional culture has the environment ethics thought reasonable draw, obtained a lot of unique, valuable research results. Inner Mongoliaecological environment suffered more serious damage, the natural condition deteriorated further, already became restrict Inner Mongolia economic and social development of the important reasons.The prairieecological environment worsens ceaselessly, year after year to desertification.Becauseof the prairie development and utilization in widespread interest driven by irrationalactivities, increasing the bearing capacity, damaged prairie ecological restorationpatterns,exacerbated prairies degradation degree.The deep reason that lead to thedeterioration of prairies in Inner Mongolia is mainly in the ideas of deviation. Over theyears, the government has been to achieve economic function of prairie, thedevelopment of animal husbandry has been the number of livestock as a measure ofdevelopment index, prairie ecological restoration is a serious shortage of inputs. Underthe guidance of the government in prairies reclamation, in addition to the prairieecological harm, to bring a heavy population burden of prairies. Therefore, the development and management of prairie lead to policy mistakes. Mongolian highlandsdevelopment history has proved, the Mongolian plateau is suitable for animalhusbandry and be cultivated species. Nearly hundred years come, excessive prairie inInner Mongolia results, caused serious degeneration and desertification of prairie. So itis imminent to construct the prairies ecological civilization.Inner Mongolia should bedo ecological measures of promoting prairie economic development, protectenvironment, save natural resources, at the same time according to the ecologicalenvironment of prairie laws and the harmonious coexistence of man and naturedevelopment model has become the letter remains unresolved the major theoretical andpractical questions. Prairies ecological civilization construction humanities foundationis the guidance of the theory of ecological civilization under the Marxism, to build theharmonious coexistence of man and nature of the new concept of civilization, is theChinese traditional culture and the Mongolian ecological culture inheritance anddevelopment. Mongolian ecological culture history is a long history of thedevelopment of the nomadic Mongols, is in the north of the special geographicalenvironment and climate conditions of process in the formation of a unique way of life.Mongolian traditional ecological culture are engaged in hunting and nomadicproduction, life arising in practice, and to guide the nation’s great practice, makeMongolian to survive and develop in the prairies. Mongolian has created a set to adaptto the natural environment of Inner Mongolia Plateau unique mode of production andlife, social system customs and concepts of philosophy and religion in the long-termproduction labor. Mongolian nomadic culture in Mongolian nomadic ecologicalconsciousness is based on a particular environment, to deal with the relation betweenhuman and nature the basic attitude and rational thinking. The survival anddevelopment of prairies culture for thousands of years history, showed its tremendousvitality, many of which are worthy of its internal factors and the reasonable value ofthe universe, the worship of nature, taboo, rotational grazing seasons, nomadic waysare well adapted to and protect the ecological environment of prairies. Therefore, putforward some new thinking on the study of prairies culture on the basis of prairiesecological civilization development. Prairies ecological management is acomprehensive and systematic project, involving the pastoral area economy, society,zoology, nationality, culture, education, social security and other aspects. prairiesecological management process, must consider as a whole people careless cultivate balance, in the interest of herdsman, with prairie zoology science as the basis, toactively support the ecological immigration policy, establish and improve theecological compensation mechanism, support of animal husbandry production,increase investment; compression herd, decide cultivate with grass; loss of humanactivities on the environment pressure, realization of conversion of cropland to forestand prairies; prairies establishment nature protection area, forbidden chaos to collectexcessive to dig and deforestation behavior. Strict legal system is the importantguarantee of prairies management. Only the reasonable structure of person, cultivate,grass in order to promote the development of animal husbandry. The prairiescivilization constructing, not only has beneficial to raise people’s awareness of theenvironment and enhance the understanding of the relationship between man andnature, but also and has great practical significance for constructing the socialismharmonious society in Inner Mongolia’s economic and social development.更多还原