【作者】 周德禄；

【导师】 李玉江； 任建兰； 郑贵斌；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2012， 博士

【副题名】以山东省为例

【摘要】 本文研究的主要目的是，在梳理人力资本配置基本理论的基础上，以山东省为区域样本，从人力资本配置的视角对人力资本测度的理论和方法进行分析和研究，并进一步探讨人力资本配置的经济效益和社会效益及其影响因素，为优化人力资本配置提供思路借鉴。通过本研究能够帮助人们更准确地认识人力资本配置与经济发展的关系，较全面把握影响人力资本配置适度性的原因，较客观地认识产业结构调整与人力资本合理配置的关系，更科学地了解人力资本配置的外部性特征。本文采用人口指标法构建了人力资本核算体系，采用生产函数分析法进行了人力资本配置经济效益分析，采用二值logistic模型进行了人力资本配置社会效益分析。本文研究的主要内容及结论主要包括以下五方面：第一，较为系统地梳理了人力资本配置的基础理论。人力资本是现代社会发展中一种特殊而重要的生产要素，人力资本配置的概念形同经济学中关于要素配置的概念。社会分工理论、资本有机构成理论、人力资本比较收益理论以及人力资本内生经济增长理论等为研究人力资本配置效益提供可很好的思想借鉴。受人力资本自身特性的规制，人力资本配置的内容必然涵盖自我配置、地区配置、行业配置、及其与物质资本、技术、制度之间的适配性。在配置原则上要遵循“人力”与“资本”双重属性原则以及效率原则和公平原则。在配置方式上既要发挥市场配置的效率性，又要重视计划配置的公平性。第二，就人力资本的多维特性及其核算方法进行了专题讨论。人力资本的维度涵盖规模、教育、经验和健康等四个方面，四个维度的养成特点不同，对经济和社会发展的贡献也不同，所以对其进行区分核算的意义很重要。本文利用人口指标构建了人力资本四维核算体系，并根据山东省历次人口普查资料数据，对山东省人力资本的成长和积累状况进行了实证分析，发现山东省教育、经验、健康和规模的成长和积累在不同时段、不同地区和不同产业呈现不同特征。人力资本四维核算方法对于全面认识区域人力资本自我配置特点很有帮助。第三，就人力资本配置的经济效益进行了实证分析。人力资本配置的经济效益集中体现为提高劳动生产率、提高资本产出效率、提高技术产出效率。在人力资本四维核算体系的支持下，引入生产函数分析法，利用山东省经验数据对山东省人力资本配置的经济效益进行了多视角研究和分析。在构建模型时，注意将经济效益指标细化分为对经济总产出的影响、对劳均产出的影响和对单位资本产出的影响，以便凸现人力资本的规模效益和效率效益。在实证分析时，重点从时间序列的纵向视角和三次产业的差别化视角对人力资本配置的效益进行回归分析，尽量全方位展示人力资本在区域经济发展中的贡献水平及其变化趋势。研究得出的基本结论是：1）人力资本配置在效率函数中的贡献要优于总量函数的贡献；2）人力资本质量维度的贡献要大于规模维度的贡献；3）人力资本配置的经济贡献水平随着经济总体水平的提高而提高；4）人力资本配置的效益具有明显的产业差异，第三产业配置效益最高，第一产业最低。第四，就人力资本配置的社会效益进行了实证分析。人力资本配置的社会效益影响广泛而深远，其中比较关键的影响体现在能够促进就业、能够提高居民收入和消费水平、能够推进社会保障事业发展。选取就业、居民生活水平、社会保障事业三个指标作为社会发展的表征指标，借用山东省2009年人口和劳动力抽样调查资料的个案数据资料，就城乡、性别、年龄、人口流动等人口属性变量参与影响下人力资本对社会发展的积极影响进行了二值logistic分析。结果显示，人力资本教育水平的提高对于就业、居民生活水平的提高以及社会保障事业的发展都具有积极的推进作用，但是人力资本所显示出的效能，在很多方面不如城乡属性的影响明显，甚至不如性别和年龄等人口的自然属性的影响显著。第五，就本文研究中得到的启示进行了概括性总结，并提出了建议。主要概括为八个方面：1）应毫不犹豫地继续贯彻实施人力资本强国战略；2）将提高教育质量作为人力资本积累的重要方向；3）将促进人口高效流动作为优化人力资本配置的重要路径；4）重视人口老龄化对人力资本积累的牵制作用；5）加大在职培训投入，提升人力资本经验水平；6）转变经济发展方式，释放人力资本配置的效率功能；7）优化产业结构，开拓人力资本配置的效率空间；8）加快城乡统筹步伐，破除人力资本效益发挥的制度约束。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main purpose of this study is that, to comb the basic theory of human capitalallocation, and taking Shandong Province as a case to analysis and research on thetheory and methods of the measurement of human capital, and to further explore theeconomic and social benefits of human capital allocation and its influencing factors, soas to provide ideas for the optimization of the human capital allocation. This researchcan help people more accurately understand the relationship between human capitalallocation and economic development, and more comprehensive grasp of the reasonsof how to make the human capital allocation moderate, and more objectivelyunderstand the relations between the rational allocation of industrial restructuring andhuman capital allocation, and more scientifically understand the configuration of theexternal characteristics of human capital. In this paper, the population index method isused to build the human capital accounting system, and the production function is usedto analyze the economic efficiency of human capital allocation, and the binary logisticmodel is used to study on the social benefits of human capital allocation.Firstly, the basic theory of human capital allocation is systematically collated andanalyzed. As a special and important factors of production to the development ofmodern society, the concept of human capital allocation is tantamount to the concept ofeconomics on the configuration of elements, and is regulated by the human capitalcharacteristics as well, and also must take into account the scale of human capital,education, experience and the co-ordination among the different dimensions. The labortheory of social division, the capital theory of organic composition, the comparativeincome theory of human capital, and the endogenous economic growth theory providegood ideas for reference for the study of human capital allocation efficiency Content ofhuman capital allocation must cover the self-configuring, regional allocation, sectorallocation, and adaptation with physics capital, technology and policy. To allocate thehuman capital must follow the principle of dual attributes of the "human" and "capital"and the principle of efficiency and fairness, and fallow the way not only to play theefficiency of the market allocation but also to play the fairness of the planconfiguration.Secondly, the multi-dimensional of the human capital accounting methods arethematic discussed. Dimensions of human capital are covered the four aspects of scale,education, experience and health, for that the characteristics of the four dimensions isdifferent, and that the contribution to the economic and social development is differentas well, it is very important to distinguish between the method of accounting. Usingdemographic indicators to build four-dimensional human capital accounting system,and taking previous censuses data in Shandong Province as case, the empirical analysis find that the accumulation of education, experience, health and scale of growth indifferent times, different regions and different industries show different characteristics.Human capital 4D accounting method is helpful for a comprehensive understanding ofthe self-configuration features of the regional human capital.Thirdly, the economic benefits of human capital allocation are empirical analyzed.The economic benefits of human capital allocation are reflected in the following suchareas as to raise labor productivity, to improve the efficiency of capital-output and toimprove the technical output efficiency. In support of Human capital 4D accountingsystem and the production function, taking Shandong Province as regional case, thispaper gives a multi-perspective research and analysis on the economic benefits ofhuman capital. To build the model in order to highlight the human capital of scale andefficiency benefits, the economic efficiency indicators are refined into such threeaspects as the impact of economic output, the impact of labor output and output perunit of capital. In order to display the contribution of human capital in regionaleconomic development level and its trend, this paper makes regression analysis fromthe time perspective and industries perspective. The basic conclusion of the study: 1)the contribution of human capital allocation in efficiency function is superior to it inthe total function; 2) the contribution of quality dimension is greater than thecontribution of the scale dimension; 3)The level of economic contribution of humancapital allocation increases with the level of the total GDP; 4) the effectiveness ofhuman capital allocation are obvious difference among industry-the tertiary industry ismost effective and the primary industry is minimum.Fourthly, the social benefits of human capital allocation are empirical analyzed.The social impact of human capital allocation is extensive, but the key impact isreflected in the promotion of employment, to enhance citizen income and consumptionlevels and to promote the development of social security. Selecting employment,income and consumption, social security as the characterization of indicators of socialdevelopment, taking 2009 population change and labor force sample survey inShandong Province as case data, Considering the population properties in urban andrural areas, gender, age, population movements as the variables involved in model,using a binary logistic analysis, the paper analyses the positive impact of human capitalfor social development. The results showed that, in promoting the development of theeducational levels of human capital have a positive role for employment, civicimprovement of living standards and social security undertakings, but in many wayshuman capital shows the performance not as good as urban and rural properties, andeven not as good as the impact of the natural properties of the population, such asgender and age.At the end, the revelation of this study is the generally summarized, andrecommendations are given mainly such eight areas as: 1) to continue to implement theHuman Capital Strategy should not be hesitated; 2) to improve the quality of educationshould be an important direction for human capital accumulation; 3) to facilitate theefficient movement of the population must be an important optimization of humancapital allocation path; 4) to attach importance to contain the role of population agingon the human capital accumulation; 5) to increase job training investment, improve the level of human capital experience; 6) To transform economic development, release ofthe efficiency functions of human capital allocation; 7)To optimize the industrialstructure, broaden the space of human capital allocation efficiency; 8) to balance thedevelopment of urban and rural areas, get rid of the institutional constraints to humancapital efficiency.更多还原