【作者】 文志杰；

【导师】 宋振骐；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 采矿工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 无煤柱安全开采是在深入分析国内外特别是我国近20年煤炭安全高效开采发展的理论和实践经验基础上总结出来的,深化相关理论和实践成果的研究,彻底转变采用煤柱护巷的传统观念。在逐步发展和完善的“实用矿山压力控制理论”指导下,迅速实现相关设计理论的创新,为全国煤矿,特别是量大面广的中小型煤矿推广应用奠定基础,是从根本上扭转我国煤矿事故多发,特别是顶板、瓦斯、冲击地压以及水害等重大事故灾害严重现状的紧迫任务。论文从无煤柱开采角度出发,采用理论研究、实验室仿真等多种方法相结合的研究路线,对矿井无煤柱沿空留巷控制力学模型及关键技术进行了研究。(1)研究了采场结构力学模型组成及其形成发展规律。根据“拱结构”理论,将采场模型空间形态划分为对采场矿压显现有直接影响的运动岩层结构“裂断拱”和未产生明显运动的岩层结构“应力拱”；讨论了四种覆岩结构类型“应力拱”形态,确定了影响采场结构模型形态的影响因素作用程度；分析了不同覆岩结构与支承压力分布演化规律,并对支承压力演化特征进行阶段划分。(2)分析了不同硬度煤体在支承压力作用下破裂力学特性；构造了煤体破裂过程中孔隙尺度演化方程和孔隙粒径分布函数；修正了不同工作面推进距离时支承压力分布范围求解公式；建立了“内应力场”范围是否扩展判断准则。(3)研究了采空区上覆岩层动态运动规律。在对碎矸石压缩过程中物理力学特性研究的基础上,分析了矸石碎体压缩过程中应力应变曲线、碎胀系数演变规律,以及压缩过程时间相关特性；利用Lyapunov指数对采场稳定性状态进行了现场预测,验证了“拱结构”与采场是否稳定关系。(4)提出了一种新型无煤柱开采模式—“预留变形量巷旁充填沿空留巷技术”。在对沿空留巷灾害事故发生原因研究基础上,建立了沿空留巷结构力学模型；提出了“给定变形”和“限定变形”两种力学结构,并对各自力学参数进行了确定；研发一种新型支护锚杆“注液全长黏结型预应力锚杆”,并对其锚固机理进行了研究分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 After deeply analysis of domestic and abroad coal mining technology development and related experience, especially those of China in the recent decade, combined with coal mining safety production and environment control in China, non-pillar mining was brought up to change the traditional concept of using the coal pillar to protect roadway and control the surface subsidence. The urgent task now is to innovate the relevant theories by the "Practical mine ground pressure control theory".According to the non-pillar mining, based on the "Practical mine ground pressure control theory", the key technologies and basic engineering principles of gob-side retaining entry has been studied through the combination of various ways, of which are theoretical research, simulation, and comprehensive analysis.(1) The mechanical model formulation and its development rules were studied. According to the "arch structure theory", the spatial morphology of mining stope was divided into "fracture arch" which directly influences the ground pressure manifestation and "stress arch" which does not clearly influence the ground pressure manifestation; four types of "stress arch" morphology were discussed, the influencing factors’effect degree of the spatial morphology of mining stope were determined; the abutment pressure and different strata structure’s evolutional laws were analysed, the abutment pressure evolutional characteristics were divided.(2) The mechanics properties of different hardness coal mass under the action of abutment pressure were analyzed; the coal particle density distribution and evolution equation of space scale were established; the abutment pressure distribution range equations with different face forward distance was fixed; the criterion to judge "interior stress field" range whether or not it extends was established.(3) The goaf overburden strata’s dynamic laws was studied. Based on the study on gangue characteristics and time dependence during the compression process, the gangue stress-strain curve and bulk factor were analysed; the mining stope stability condition was predicted by Lyapunov index, the relationship between "arch structure" and mining stope’s stability was confirmed.(4) The "backfilling the goaf-side entry by presetting distortion technology" which is a new non-pillar mining technology was raised. Based on the study on accidents causes, the mechanical model of surrounding rock structure was built; two types of structure mechanical model which are "given-deformation" and "limit-deformation" and their mechanics parameters were studied;a new type of full grouted prestressed anchor was devised, also its anchor mechanism was studied and analysed.更多还原