【作者】 陈敬明；

【导师】 赵微；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 国际法， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 为有效惩治海盗罪,通过文献综述研究法、法理定性分析法、历史分析法等研究方法,在梳理海盗历史的基础上,探讨海盗的概念、性质以及海盗罪的发展趋势和危害,指出海盗是一个所指不明的泛化的概念,海盗罪呈集团化、产业化发展；归纳惩治海盗罪的国际与国内法律规范,分析两者异同点,指出事实上存在两套惩治海盗罪系统；分析《联合国海洋法公约》关于海盗罪的定义及构成要件,指出在较长一段时间内,《联合国海洋法公约》根据国际习惯法所定义的海盗罪及其构成要件很难被突破；海盗罪的跨海域性、跨国性等特点决定了惩治海盗罪必须依赖国际刑事司法合作,包括海盗疑犯的移交与接收、证据调查与收集、刑事审判法庭的选择、刑罚的执行等,但由于各国国内法关于刑事法律规定的不同以及尚未制订国际性司法合作程序,故目前惩治海盗罪国际刑事司法合作仍处于较为初级的阶段,仍存在许多尚待完善的地方,这已直接影响对海盗罪的有效起诉；为应对日益猖獗的海盗犯罪,国际社会采取了武装商船、军舰护航等防控手段,但这些新型手段在合法性、实际效果等方面仍存在一些问题；针对目前国际社会惩治海盗罪的立法、司法及合作等情况,提出未来国际社会防控海盗罪的国际对策,即进一步加强惩治海盗罪的国内立法和国际立法,进一步完善区域性国际合作法律机制,进一步采取情势判断基础上的联合国安理会执行行动,进一步推动惩治海盗罪的国际刑事司法合作和进一步提高刑罚边际威慑力和受罚几率。论文共分三大部分：引言、正文和结论。正文由6章组成。第1章梳理了海盗的历史,分析了海盗的概念、性质、社会危害性及发展趋势。第2章通过国际实体法与国内法两个维度介绍了惩治海盗罪的法律规范,分析当前国际立法与国内立法在惩治海盗罪方面的异同及可能产生的法律问题。第3章分析海盗罪的成立条件,在明确犯罪的成立条件、犯罪的构成条件等概念的基础上,对海盗罪的进行了界定,分析了海盗罪的构成条件、刑事责任,并对海盗罪与恐怖主义犯罪、危害海上航行安全罪、劫持航空器罪等相近罪名进行了区分。第4章对确认海盗罪普遍管辖权、海盗疑犯的移交、证据的调查与收集、刑事审判法庭的选择、刑罚的执行等惩治海盗罪的国际刑事司法合作进行分析,并提出尚待解决的法律问题。第5章从商船、国家和国际社会三个角度归纳了目前国际社会防控海盗罪的新型手段,分析武装商船、海上巡逻、军舰护航及基于国际性组织和区域性组织所建立的合作的合法性、效用性等问题。第6章在上述几章的基础上从海盗罪的立法、区域性合作、联合国安理会执行行动、分区护航、国际刑事司法合作及刑罚执行等方面提出未来社会防控海盗罪的国际对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 To punish the pirate crime effectively, this thesis, which is explained through such researching methods as literature summary, qualitative analysis of legal theory and analysis of history, discusses the concept and the nature of pirate as well as the trend of the pirate crime’s development and its harm and points out that the pirate is an unclearly defined and pan-concept on the basis of combing the pirate history. The pirate crime develops in the forms of collectivization, and industrial production development. It induces the international and the domestic legal norm of punishing the pirate crime, analyzes the similarities and differences between them and points out that in fact there are two sets of systems about punishing the pirate crime. It analyzes the pirate crime’s definition and the main constituting documents of the United Nations’Conventions on the Law of the Sea and pointes out that in long period of time, the United Nations’ Conventions on the Law of the Sea is difficult to break through according to the pirate crime defined by the international common law and the main constituting documents. Crossing sea area and transnational characteristics of the pirate crime decides that punishing pirate crime must rely on the cooperation of the international criminal justice, including pirate suspect’s reassignment and receiving, evidence’s investigation and collection, choice of criminal trial court, penalty’s execution and so on. But due to the differences of various countries’ criminal law rule and lacking of drawing up international legal cooperation procedure, international criminal justice cooperation of punishing the pirate crime still stays in an early stage and exists many places needing perfecting. It has already influences pirate crime’s effective prosecution directly.In order to deal with the increasing rampant pirate crime, the international society has adopted preventing and controlling methods of arming merchant marines, escorting warship escort and so on. But these new methods still exists some problems in such aspects as validity and actual result. In view of the present international society situations of legislation, judicature and cooperation about punishing the pirate crime, this thesis proposes future international society countermeasures used to prevent and control the pirate crime, i.e., further strengthen the domestic legislation and the international legislation of punishing the pirate crime; further consummate the regional international cooperation law mechanism; further adopt the UN Security Council to carry out the motion on the foundation of circumstance judgment; further promote the international criminal justice cooperation of punishing the pirate crime and further enhance the deterrent force of the penalty boundary and penalty probability.This thesis is divided three major parts:introduction, body and conclusion. The body consists of six chapters.Chapter one combs pirate’s history and analyzes the concept, the nature, the social harm and the developing trend of it.Chapter two introduces the legal norm of punishing the pirate crime from two dimensions, the international substantive law and the national law, and analyzes the similarities and differences in the aspect of punishing the pirate crime between the current international legislation and the current domestic legislations well as the possible law issues.Chapter three analyzes the pirate crime’s tenable condition. On the basis of the concepts of making the crime tenable condition and constituting condition clear, the pirate crime is limited. The pirate crime’s constitution condition and the legal responsibility are analyzed. The pirate crime, the terrorism crime, the security crime of harm to marine navigation, the crime of kidnapping aircrafts and so on are closely discriminated.Chapter four develops an analysis on the international criminal justice cooperation such as confirming the pirate crime universal jurisdiction, the pirate suspect’s reassignment, the evidence investigation and collection, the criminal trial court’s choice, penalty’s execution and proposes the legal matters which still need solving.Chapter five induces the present international society’s new methods of preventing and controlling the pirate crime from three angles, the merchant, the nation and the international society. It also gives analysis about validity and effectiveness of armed merchant marines, the sea patrol, the warship escort and the cooperation based on the international organization and the regional organization.Based on the above chapters, chapter six proposes international countermeasures of preventing and controlling the pirate crime in the future from the pirate crime’s legislation, the regional cooperation, the UN Security Council’s carrying out motions, district escort, international criminal justice cooperation and execution of punishment.更多还原