【作者】 张义；

【导师】 王惠岩； 周光辉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 政治学理论， 2011， 博士

【副题名】基于吉林省甲型H1N1流感防控的实证分析

【摘要】 中国已进入突发公共卫生事件频发期,严重威胁着人民生命健康和安全,提升突发公共卫生事件应急管理水平和能力已成为中国政府迫切面对的严峻课题。政府能否有效应对突发公共卫生事件,不仅关系到全国人民的健康福祉,影响经济发展和社会稳定,而且关系到政府的公信力和政权的稳定。公共卫生应急管理是政府履行“社会管理、公共服务”职能的重要内容,是衡量和反映政府执政能力和水平的重要因素,现代政府应主动承担起治理突发公共卫生事件的责任。所以,对这个问题开展研究具有重要的理论与现实意义。在全球和中国甲型H1N1流感暴发的背景下,本文综合运用政治学、行政管理学、危机管理学、预防医学、社会学等多学科知识,从政府履行公共服务和社会管理职能的角度出发,对政府如何有效应对突发公共卫生事件尤其重大传染病疫情的应对能力提升进行了系统深入研究,并以吉林省甲型H1N1流感防控工作为实证对象,在对特别重大突发公共卫生事件进行评估总结的基础上,结合中国政府突发公共卫生事件应急能力现状提出:中国各级政府必须保持清醒认识,要认真评估甲型H1N1流感防控工作中的经验、成效和问题,并为可能发生的突发公共卫生事件做好相应的应急准备,提高突发公共卫生事件的防控能力,改进政府卫生应急体制机制,履行好突发公共卫生事件的应对责任。更多还原

【Abstract】 Varieties of public health emergencies have taken place frequently around the world in recent years, endangering our lives, impacting our economy. Progressing urbanization, modernization, globalization and the emergence of new contagious disease have made China a country with high occurrence of public health emergencies, therefore, to upgrade the capability of respond to public health emergency has become a serious task for Chinese government. Whether they can make effective respond to public health emergencies events is related to the well being of the people, the development of the economy, the harmony of the society and the image, the authority of the government. The emergency management of public health incident is one of the standards measuring how well the government is undertaking the“social management and public service”functions and the governing capability. It shall be taken responsibility to public health emergencies by the governments on their own initiative.In March 2009, Influenza A (H1N1) first took place in Mexico, and then rapidly spread throughout the world. On April 25, 2009, World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2009 H1N1 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. On June 11, 2009 WHO raised the influenza pandemic alert to phase 6. On August 10, 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Health Regulations (IHR) Emergency Committee declared that the H1N1 influenza event has moved into the post-pandemic period. The H1N1 influenza pandemic lasted over a year, over two hundred of countries were reported being influenced, over eighteen thousand death were confirmed, however the total mortality is unquestionably higher.By the emergence of H1N1 influenza, Chinese government implemented the principle of“full attention, rapid action, combined prevention and scientific application”, categorizing H1N1 influenza as a legal infectious disease, taking strict preventive measures, modifying strategies according to the epidemic situation, thus procrastinated the spread of the flu, and made time for the research and produce of vaccines and drugs for the disease. By these efforts, the damage of the influenza was largely reduced. China’s prevention works received international support and understanding, yet proved worthy to the people. Chinese Ministry of Health declared the 2009 H1N1 pandemic a public health emergency of special great.Led by the central government, Jilin Province practiced all national prevention measures, moreover, following the principle of“prevention prime, standard high”, Jilin province took specific steps according to local epidemic situation, such as school health monitors and the responsibility system of“SI ZHUANG BA BIAO”, which were affirmed by national inspectors. The morbidity of H1N1 influenza of Jilin Province kept at the lowest level in China.This paper based on global and China H1N1 prevention, summed up the prevention works of Jilin Province. The prevention works were divided into periods according to H1N1 influenza progress in Jilin Province. Prevention measures of each period were systematically described. Corresponding to the comprehensive studies of prevention works of globe, China and Jilin Province, the experience, the outcome and the problems were estimated.In summary, recent years after the SARS pandemic, it is obvious that the capability of response to public health emergencies was improved throughout Jilin and China, which provided solid foundation for the response to H1N1 influenza. During the prevention work, all levels of our government paid full attention, all related departments combined prevention, all efforts focus on disease prevention and treatment, all information posts with promptness and transparency, consequently received affirmation form the people and built responsible image for the government. Meanwhile, this prevention practice motivated a series of systems including influenza monitoring, health emergency responding team working, emergency responding system optimizing and response practice improving.While our prevention worked with effectiveness, there exposed some problems, for example, there is still weak points in emergency response system for public health events, the contagious disease treatment and the ground work preventing system still of insufficiency, non-governmental organizations not making enough efforts in the works, the contagious disease compensation in absence, the research on health emergency needs improvement, and etc.Exampling the prevention of H1N1 influenza, this paper made several suggestions aiming at improving the government capability of responding to health emergencies: first, optimize the management and organization of public health emergency response; second, optimize the working system of public health emergency response; third, strengthen the emergency response team; forth, improve the social security of public health emergency response; fifth, strengthen the capability of health emergency response of other fields; sixth, keep on the information releasing and risk communicating system. In addition, the experience and problems should be summed and cumulated, emergency response plan for influenza and respiratory infectious disease should be optimized, the eight principles for preventing major contagious disease should be set, which were known as“prevention prime, standard high, management in locality, group targeting, combined prevention, by means of legal, by means of science, rapid discover, report, quarantine and treat, and media directing”.更多还原