身份干扰与行为偏失

【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 秦亚青；

【作者基本信息】 外交学院 ， 国际关系， 2012， 博士

【副题名】国际社会中的国家行为研究

【摘要】 本文关注社会世界中多身份行为体的行为偏失现象。本文首先根据性质的不同将身份分为权力型身份、收益型身份和情感型身份，并相应地将行为分为与权力型身份关联的行为、与收益型身份关联的行为和与情感型身份关联的行为。本文认为，由于场景渗透的缘故，具有多重身份的行为体在以某种身份行为时该身份可能会受到自我或他者其他身份存在的影响，以致与该身份关联的行为本身失去原有量度或偏离原有向度。即，身份干扰导致行为偏失。本文认为，理性主义和建构主义主要涉及与身份关联行为性质的研究，多在体系层次上进行，可归入身份研究的纵向理论；而本文提出的身份干扰理论则属于横向身份研究理论，主要涉及与身份关联行为程度的研究，多在单元层次上进行。本文分析了身份干扰的几个特点，认为干扰能否发生主要与行为体是否具有多重身份、身份的性质和层次以及相关场景是否存在不同程度的重合有关，干扰的具体发生则包含干扰源的客观存在、对干扰源的主观认知、干扰出现的路径等几个阶段要素。其中，干扰发生的起点、方向、动机与结果构成了判断干扰是否正当的衡量标准。而行为之所以能够发生偏失，是由于行为本身可在一定空间范围内和强度范围中变化而不对关联身份的性质产生影响的缘故。其中，行为向度和行为量度是衡量行为偏失的两个重要指标，主体、主体之间的互动过程以及互动发生的场景是影响行为偏失程度的三个重要因素。行为偏失就其本身是消极的现象，大多产生消极的后果，然若行为偏离的应然状态自身是不当的，那么行为偏失就可能是正当的，也因此能够产生积极的后果。最后，本文通过“日本对美贸易摩擦处理”、“日本对外援助政治考量”以及“近代泰国维护主权独立”对相关子假设分别予以检验。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper focuses on the behaviour deviation of social actor which has multipleidentities. The paper divides identity into three basic types, namely power identity,benefit identity and emotion identity, with behaviour related to the above three typesrespectively. Because of the context infiltration, behaviour related to some identitywill have deviation on magnitude or direction when the identity of actor with multipleidentities is interfered by other identity owned by actor itself or the others, i.e. identityinterference leads to behaviour deviation. Different from the vertical identity theorysuch as Rationalism and Social Constructivism which usually is on the systemic leveland have to do with the research about the quality of behaviour that related to identity,the identity interference belongs to the horizontal identity theory which always is onthe unit level and have to do with the research about the quantity of the behaviour thatrelated to identity.The paper analyzes some features of the identity interference, and reckons whetherthe interference could occur depends on whether the actor has multiple identities, thequality and level of identity and whether the different contexts have the same area nomatter the size. The process of the interference includes the existence of theinterfering object, the subjective perception of the interfering object and the path thatinterference takes place. The start point, the direction, the motive and the outcome ofthe interference will be the criteria to judge whether the interference is justified. Andthe precondition of the behaviour deviation is that behaviour can be change in certainspace or spectrum without any affect on the quality of related identity. The directionand magnitude of behaviour are the two important barometers to mark the behaviourdeviation, the actor, the interacting process between actors and the context holding theinteraction are the three major facts that affect the degree of behaviour deviation.Though the deviation often has negative outcomes but also can have positive result ifthe start point is unjustified.And finally, the paper tests the three sub-hypotheses via the cases of the Japan-UStrade friction, the ODA of Japan, and Thailand’ independence in19th century.更多还原