节点文献
国家、制度、要素市场与发展:中国近世租佃制度研究
Nation, Institution, Production Factors and Development: a Study of Land Tenancy System in Modern China
【作者】 彭波;
【作者基本信息】 清华大学 , 历史学, 2011, 博士
【摘要】 中国传统社会的土地租佃制度是中国历史上一个特别重要的问题,重中之重,是认识中国长期以来社会经济发展的一把关键钥匙。作为中国历史上绵延数千年的一个制度,在近世至少影响到中国三分之一以上的土地和人口、构成中国社会的重要经济基础的这样一个制度,其意义当然是非常重大的。这个问题如果不能得到正确认识,则不能认为我们已经清楚地认识了中国历史发展的规律。本文采取多角度叠加深入的研究思路,同时较好地融合了历史学、社会学与经济学的研究方法,既能够大量采用史料,又能够有效运用经济学的理论和模型分析,对与租佃制度有关的人际关系、土地产权关系、要素关系及制度关系等等进行了全面深入研究,以求更好的把握这一制度的实质和深刻意义。本文主要试图证明如下观点:首先,确认近世中国佃农一般具有独立的人身和经济地位,而且,能够适应市场竞争。所以,中国近世的佃农可以被看作是企业家。其次,确认中国近世以来市场是配置土地资源的主要方式,并认为近世中国土地具有复合性的所有权结构。再次,研究认为:近世以来的中国社会,土地问题实际上已经在本质上转化成为一种资本问题,甚至于在金融发展严重滞后的情况,成为一种货币问题。最后,用系统而且全面深入的经济模型来分析中国近世农业生产中的要素关系,并对传统经济理论中认为租佃制度降低生产效率的观点进行了澄清,认为在中国近世社会的特定现实条件下,租佃制度造成的负面作用很小,正面意义却很大。并利用模型来证明中国近世分成租与定额租之间的转化动力更多地受制于市场供求关系,进而据此模型对台湾土地改革成功的原因提出新的看法。
【Abstract】 The issue of land tenancy system is particularly important in traditional Chinese society, it is a key to understand the development of social and economic in Modern China.This article adopts the multi-perspectives, stack, in-depth research ideas from, and fusion of history and economics research methods better.This article adopt a large number of historical data, and effectively using economics theory and model to analysis, to make a comprehensive in-depth study on interpersonal relationship, land property right, element relations and institutional relations etc.,all which relevant to tenancy system, in order to better Grasp the essence and significance of this system.This article attempts to prove the following view:First, the tenant of Modern China has the personal and economic independence. Moreover, the tenant of modern China, can be seen as entrepreneurs.Second, make sure market is the main way of distribution of land resources, and that the land has a composite ownership structure since modern times in china.Again, this research suggests that:in modern Chinese society, the land issue has actually become a capital problem, and because serious lag in the case of financial development,it has become a monetary problems.Finally, suggests that the negative effect of tenancy system is very small, but significant positive effect is big in modern China,Moreover, using the economics model to prove that the transformation between fixed rent and shareing rent is subject to market, and thus put forward a new view to the success of land reform in Taiwan base this model.