【作者】 姚邦华；

【导师】 缪协兴；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 工程力学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 随着煤矿开采向深部延伸，矿井突水成为煤矿安全生产的重特大灾害之一。我国煤矿重特大事故中，突水灾害的发生次数仅次于瓦斯和顶板事故，但造成的经济损失却高居榜首。破碎岩体渗流及其灾变规律是煤矿突水机理研究的基础。本文综合运用实验测试、理论分析和数值模拟等方法与手段，对破碎岩体变质量流固耦合力学理论及煤矿陷落柱突水的机理进行了系统的研究，取得了如下研究成果：（1）自行研制了可考虑颗粒迁移流失的破碎岩体渗透试验系统，成功地测试了试样的骨料与填充物配比、轴向压力及含砂量等对破碎岩体渗流特性及其突变规律的影响，得到了测试系统的水压与流量、试样的孔隙率及充填物流失速度等随时间的变化规律。（2）基于连续介质力学理论，建立了破碎岩体骨架变形—固体颗粒迁移—水渗流的变质量流固耦合动力学模型，给出了破碎岩体渗流的质量守恒方程和动量守恒方程，导出了由于溶蚀、颗粒迁移等导致破碎岩体孔隙率变化的控制方程等。并用数值方法得到了破碎岩体孔隙率、渗透率、充填物流失速率、涌水量以及水压力等参数的变化规律。（3）开展了陷落柱充填物的X射线衍射（XRD）试验，依据晶体对X射线的衍射测定了充填物的组成及含量；应用比重计法进行了陷落柱充填物的颗粒粒径分布特征测试，得到了陷落柱充填物颗粒粒径分布曲线；给出了充填物成分及颗粒粒径分布对陷落柱渗透特性的影响规律。（4）借助于数值模拟方法，分析了受隐伏充水陷落柱威胁煤矿采场工作面突水的危险性，得到了工作面涌水量、陷落柱孔隙率、陷落柱溶蚀颗粒迁移速度等随承压含水层水压、围岩强度和陷落柱初始孔隙率、工作面推进距离等因素的变化规律，可为导水陷落柱防水煤柱留设提供参考。研究成果可为煤矿突水机理、预测预报方法及防治技术研究提供重要参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the mining activity rapidly develop to deep ground for day by day, coal minewater inrush accidents become one of the most serious disaster that threaten the saftymining in China. The water inrush accidents number rank thrid behind coal mine gasexplosion accidents and roof accidents, while ranking top in terms of economicloss.Seepage characteristic and mutation rule of broken rock mass is the basis of coalmine water inrush mechanism. In this paper, we systemtically investigated the variablemass fluid-solid coupling theory and Karst collapse column water inrush mechanism byusing methods involving theretical analysis, numerical simuation and experiments, andobtained the following results:(1) We independently designed an equipment and the experiment system which cantake particle transport into account, and successfully tested the seepage mutation ruleunder the conditions of different proportion, axial pressure and so on, obtaining thefilling material flow velocity, porosity, water pressure and flow volume as the time forbroken rock mass.(2) Based on the continuous medium mechanics, we built a variable massfluid-solid coupling model including solid deformation, particle transport and fluidseepage, deducing the mass conservation and moment conservation for the broken rockmass seepage, obtaining the governing equations of porosity evolution under conditionsof erosion and particle transport, and getting the porosity, permeability, filling materialflow ration, water inflow volume and water pressure for broken rock mass.(3) We carried out the X ray diffraction testing for filling material of Karst collapsecolumn and obtained the components and content of the filling material; We tested theparticle size distribution characteristics of the filling material by using hydrometeranalysis, and obtained the particles size distribution curves, and detail analysis the effectof component and particle size distribution on the seepage characteristics of Karstcollapse column.(4) We analyzed and evaluate the Karst collapse column water inrush risk by usingnumerical simulation method, obtaining the water inflow volume, Karst collapse columeand particle transport ratio change under different conditions including aquifer pressure,surrounding rock strength, initial porosity of Karst collapse column and working faceadvanced distance, which can provide reference for the coal pillar leaving.The research results can provide important reference for coal mine water inrushmechanism, prediction method and prevention technics.更多还原