【作者】 单立华；

【导师】 徐九华； 丁汝福；

【作者基本信息】 北京科技大学 ， 采矿工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 随着西北地区勘查程度的提高，地表出露矿体的几率减少，如何运用科学的成矿理论和有效的勘查方法寻找深部矿体已成为迫切的研究方向。新疆额尔齐斯构造带是北疆最重要的金成矿带，阿希勒金矿位于该成矿带西北部的哈巴河县境内，构造单元上处于晚古生代克兰裂谷带阿舍勒拉分盆地内。阿希勒金矿勘查区的地质工作最早始于1956年，前人认为区内出露的是一些无规律的小矿体。本文从成矿地质背景、构造-蚀变及分带特点、地球物理异常、地球化学异常、成矿流体、稀土微量元素特征和成矿物质来源等方面入手，研究了金矿成因类型、成矿规律并建立金矿成矿模式和找矿模型，为勘查区的实际找矿提供了重要依据。本文采用的研究方法有：(1)归纳法：进行成矿区带及典型金矿床对比研究，总结阿尔泰南缘金矿区成矿规律，提出普查区成矿构想；(2)演绎法：运用成矿模式和找矿模型预测普查区工作靶区；(3)实证法：实施探矿工程，确认普查区成矿规律及特点。研究结果表明，阿希勒金矿位于受深大断裂带控制的额尔齐斯金矿成矿带内的北西侧，矿区受阿希勒断裂及次级断裂控制，阿希勒断裂是主要的导矿构造，次级断裂带是主要的容矿构造，金矿的矿石类型有石英脉型、蚀变闪长岩型、糜棱岩型三种，围岩是糜棱岩化斜长花岗岩。阿希勒金矿形成于晚石炭-早二叠世，成矿流体具有中低温、低盐度特点，早期流体富CO2，并富集Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Se、Au元素；稀土元素分异差，与外围金矿稀土-微量元素配分曲线非常相似，微量元素As、Se、Rh、Cd、Sb、Bi富集程度高，成矿物质具有壳-幔源特征。矿区的蚀变有绿泥石化、高岭土化、绢云母化、硅化、黄铁矿化，后三种蚀变与金矿关系密切。在蚀变强烈的位置，地球化学异常为Au-Hg-Sb-Pb-Zn组合，地球物理异常为中阻和中-低中梯激电异常。在普查区布置了槽探和钻探工程，在阿希勒主断裂带上找到了蚀变闪长花岗岩矿体，在阿希勒断裂带的次级构造找到有规模的稳定的石英脉-糜棱岩型矿体。论文首次提出阿希勒金矿与邻区赛都金矿、多拉纳萨依金矿均属同一成矿系统，是造山型金矿在不同构造背景和围岩条件下的表现。所建立的矿床成矿模式和找矿模型，通过工程验证取得了很好的实际探矿效果，找到了333资源量数吨。该模型对勘查区今后的找矿预测具有实际意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the improved exploration, there are fewer outcrop of ore bodies. It is very importanthow to utilize the scientific geological theories and efficient exploratory methods to find theblind orebodies.The Axile gold deposit, located in Habahe city, occurs in the northwest area of the EerqisiTectonic Belt which is the most important gold mineralization zone. Tectonicly, the deposit issituated in the Ashele Pull-apart Basin of the Kelan Rift zone. The deposit has been consideredas small and ruleless by the geological workers since1956. In this paper, the ore-forming typeand the gold metallogenetic regular which are important works for the actual surveing isrecognized, and the metallogenic model and the prospecting model are set up on the basis ofstudying on the geological background, structural and alteration zoning, geophysical andgeochemical abnormally, fluid inclusions, rare earth elements and trace elements, and source ofmineralizing materials.The research means include induction, deductive method and demonstration. By induction,the gold metallogenetic regular was masted and the conceive of deposit in the working zonewas put forward through the contrast researching on the metallogenic zone and therepresentative gold deposit; By deductive method, the working site was set up in the surveyingzone on the base of the metallogenic model and the prospecting model; By demonstrationmethod, the prospect engineer was carried out affirming the the gold metallogenetic regular andthe character of the digging. The research shows that the Axile gold deposit is controlled by theAxile faulted zone and its secondary faults within Hercynian plagiogranite. The Axile faultedzone was the passageway for ore-forming fluid, while the mylonitized zone of secondary faultswere the ore body-hosted structure. The ore types are quartz vein, mylonite and altered rocktypes. The Axile gold deposit formed during late Carboniferous or early Permian, having low-mid temperature and low salinity of ore-forming fluid which was CO2-rich in the early stagehaving the elements of Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Au et al. The lanthanon is weak of fractionaldistillation. The microelements are rich of As, Se, Rh, Cd, Sb, Bi, et al.And the partition curvesof them are very similar to the deposits outside of the deposit. The fluid mass perhaps comefrom the deep-earth crust or the mantle. The main alterations of wallrocks are chloritization,kaolinization, sericitize, silicification and pyritization, the last three of which have close relations with the gold. At the location of strong alterations, geochemical abnormally are Au-Hg-Sb-Pb-Zn assemblage and physical geographical abnormally are mid-resistance and low-mid electronormally. The trench and drill engineers had finished in the surveying zone, altereddiorite rock deposit was discovered at the Axile host faulted zone, and a steady regularly vein-mylonite deposit was discovered at the drill engineer onthe second faulted zone.In this paper, that the Axile and out-side gold deposits are belong to the same mineralizingsystem, and represent different sorts of orogenic gold deposit occurring in the different tectonicbackground and host rocks. The metallogenic model and the prospecting model are set up, andgood effects have been gained in the ore prospecting. The models is significant for thesurveying works in the exploration area.更多还原