【作者】 罗黎丽；

【导师】 郭熙；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 汉语言学界从语言习得角度研究汉语儿童语言，在语音、语义、语法等方面取得了比较丰硕的成果，但他们未对儿童言语交际行为进行详尽的描写和分析。本文收集五周岁儿童的会话语料，从功能出发，描写五周岁儿童的言语交际行为，探讨儿童在具体的语境中如何选择适当的策略开展与他人的交谈，如何选择适当的语言形式来表达自己的意图。本文分为八章：第一章绪论，主要介绍研究对象、研究意义、理论背景、国内外儿童语言的研究概况，并对本文的术语使用、研究方法和语料来源进行了说明。第二章至第五章，借鉴外语教学里功能大纲的功能分类法，分社交表达、谈话技巧、陈述与询问、指令与提供、态度、情感表达，对五周岁儿童的言语功能类别进行描写分析。第六章、第七章，选择分析儿童使用频率很高的指令类言语行为和不满类言语行为。运用社会语言学理论，对主要调查对象在不同情景下与成人、同伴的会话情况进行对比分析，探寻制约语言选择的因素。第八章结语，对本文的研究内容和结论进行了归纳和整理，并指出了文中存在的不足和今后值得深入研究的问题。本文的主要结论有：一、五周岁儿童已能识别任务性质、权势性质和角色关系。交际目的、交往意愿、任务性质、权势性质、社会距离影响儿童交际策略的选择，其中交际目的是核心影响因素。儿童能根据语境的变化调整交际策略和具体的语言表达形式。同伴交往中，同伴的性格类型、个人能力、公众评价影响儿童的交往意愿。儿童对同伴抱有强烈的交往意愿能使儿童自动放弃主场话语权，放弃年龄、性别带来的优势，主动控制情绪、态度，选用礼貌合作的交际策略和语言表达形式。二、表达同一种交际目的的语言形式存在语力级差，儿童在语言实践中，通过他人的反馈，逐渐掌握它们的差别和使用条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 From a functional perspective, this paper describes the verbal communication ofthe five-year-old children and discusses how children use language to express them-selves in different contexts. This paper is composed of eight chapters.Chapter One is an introduction to research object, significance, theoretical back-ground, methodology and source of material, as well as a review of similar studiesconducted both home and abroad.Chapter Two to Five provide a descriptive and analytical study of the languagefunctions of five-year-old children in such categories as communicative expressions,conversational skills, situation expressions, attitude expressions, directive expressionsand emotion expressions according to the categorization outlined in functionallanguage teaching syllabus.Chapter Six and Seven analyses the children’s frequent use of directive speechact and dissatisfaction speech act, and adopts social linguistics to compare children’sdifferent verbal behaviors with the adult and their companions under different circum-stances, so as to discuss factors that affect their verbal choice.Chapter Eight concludes the study and provides suggestions for future studies.This paper finds out:一、The five-year-old children are already able to identify assignment nature,power nature and role relationship. What’s more, children’s choice of communicationstrategies is influenced by communication objectives, will, assignment nature, powernature and social distance, among which, communication objective is the coreinfluencing factor. In terms of friend-making, a companion’s personality, competenceand others’comment affect children’s communication will, and such a will, if strongenough, will prompt them to give up their home discourse advantage, as well as ageand gender advantages and control their emotions and attitudes, and employ politeand corporative communicative strategies and verbal expressions.二、Through the feedbacks from others,children are able to discriminate thesubtleties of semantic differences to realize a same communicative objective and the conditions by which such differences will appear.更多还原