草根媒介：社会转型中的抗拒性身份建构

【作者】 张祺；

【导师】 卜卫；

【作者基本信息】 中国社会科学院研究生院 ， 新闻学， 2012， 博士

【副题名】对贵州西部方言苗语影像的案例研究

【摘要】 边缘群体通常是他者再现和社会动员的对象，很少被看作媒介生产的主体。但是在社会转型和技术变迁背景下，少数民族农民工群体中出现了自发的集体影像生产。例如贵州西部苗语方言区的群众使用族群自身语言、自行生产、在族群内部流通消费的苗语影像。这些自发的影像生产活动表明，边缘群体发挥其主体性、能动性和创造力，改变了媒介生产和使用中的角色设定。这篇文章探讨的核心问题是：在社会转型过程中，边缘群体如何突破资源的结构性限制，发展自身的媒介生产、重新想象和建构集体身份？这篇论文通过描述和阐释贵州西部苗族农民工群体的苗语影像传播实践，旨在探索这一边缘群体自发的媒介生产与集体身份建构和社会转型的关系。基于在贵州、福建等地对苗语影像传播过程的多点民族志观察，本研究①描述了苗语影像的生产组织和传播过程；②说明了西部苗族农民工群体借助苗语影像生产形成的跨空间族群网络；③阐释了西部苗族农民工群体使用苗语影像重新想象和建构族群身份与族群“传统”的具体过程；④通过对苗语影像的形态、产生的条件以及功能的探索，提出苗语影像是一种大众文化工业之外，也在专业主义范畴之外的“草根媒介”。作者提出，在大众媒介与另类媒介之外存在着边缘群体自发的集体媒介生产——草根媒介的形态。草根媒介为当下社会转型过程中出现的，边缘群体自主生产的媒介形态，它形塑了以本地文化为核心的抗拒性身份。这是第一个少数民族农民工群体作为媒介生产主体的研究，扩展了中国的发展传播学理论和实践领域。研究为中国本土传播学研究增加了有关少数民族农民工群体的影像生产、使用、流通和发展过程的知识，并展示了在主流大众媒介体制之外运作的另类空间和行动的可能性。论文集中阐释了作为媒介生产主体的少数民族流动人口如何利用影像生产和消费来自我建构族群身份，特别是建构他们的抗拒性身份。本研究在讨论了相关的研究伦理的基础上尝试以多点民族志方法探讨研究问题，并阐述和发展了草根媒介理论。在研究方法的应用方面，本研究给本土传播学经验研究方法提供了重要的案例。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marginal groups are seldom considered or regarded as the subject of media productionrather than as the object in the mass media representation and being moulded by the dominantculture and professionalism. However during the process of social transformation andtechnology innovation, migrant workers of ethnic groups autonomously produce their ownvideos, such as Hmong videos produced by people from Hmong region in Western Guizhouusing their own dialect, and circulated and consumed inside Hmong community. Theseautonomous video production activities indicate that marginal groups change the roledefinition in the media production and utilization with their subjectivity, initiative andcreativity. The key issue this paper is trying to explore is: during the social transformation,how marginal groups break the structural constraints to develop their own media productionand renew and reconstruct their collective identity?This paper describes and interprets the Hmong video communication practice conductedby Hmong migrant workers from western Guizhou, to probe into the relationships between theautonomous media production and collective identity construction of this marginal group andsocial transformation. Based on the multi-site ethnography of Hmong video communicationprocess in Guizhou and Fujian, this study firstly describes the production and circulationprocess of Hmong video; secondly illustrates the cross-space group network created byHmong migrant workers via Hmong video; thirdly specifies the process that Hmong migrantworkers use Hmong video to renew and reconstruct their ethnic identity and tradition andfinally through exploring the forms, production conditions and functions of Hmong videos,presents that Hmong video is a grassroots media beyond mass cultural industry andprofessionalism. The author argues that there exists an autonomous collective mediaproduction—grassroots media besides mass media and alternative media. Grassroots mediareveals itself as a media produced by marginal groups themselves in the process of socialtransformation and it shapes their resistance identities with local culture as its core.This study for the first time takes migrant workers of ethnic groups as the subject of mediaproduction, leading to the expansion of development communication theory and practice inChina. It recognizes the production, utilization, circulation and development of videos madeby migrant workers of ethnic groups and presents a possibility to act and alternative space tooperate beyond mass media. The paper interprets that as the subject of media production, howthe migrant workers of ethnic groups self-construct their ethnic identities, their resistanceidentities in particular, using video production and consumption. This study tries to explore the issues using multi-site ethnography based on the full discussion of relevant research ethicsand grassroots media theory is further addressed and developed. It also provides importantcases for the empirical study of Chinese communications.更多还原