【作者】 刘薇；

【导师】 杨楹；

【作者基本信息】 华侨大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 宽容是一个既古老又常新的问题。现代政治中宽容不仅是一种价值和理念,还被宪政体制或制度所承载,政治宽容既是一个政治伦理思想和伦理理念,又是具体反映在制度创制和设计上的政治实践和政治活动。对现代政治宽容问题进行研究,既是现代政治伦理发展的理论需要,更是我国社会主义政治文明建设的实践要求,具有重大的理论和现实意义。论文坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的立场、观点和方法,运用跨学科、历史与逻辑相统一、归纳与演绎、比较分析方法与系统整体分析的研究方法,对现代政治宽容从历史、理论、实践三个方面进行了较为系统深入的研究。论文的主体内容和创新之处主要有:考察现代政治宽容产生的历史前提以及政治宽容思想的形成。从共时性视域来考察,政治宽容产生的历史前提和近代资本主义的发生、市场经济的发展、近代国家的产生,尤其在近代欧洲历史上的宗教斗争是分不开的。从历时性视域来考察,现代政治宽容的历史发展可到追溯古代宽容思想的产生,近代宽容思想的展开乃至现代宽容思想的形成。系统阐释了现代政治宽容的基本内涵。首先明确现代政治宽容和现代社会的产生是密不可分的,现代政治和传统政治在历史形态、价值范畴上有着重大的区别。这其中包含了:政治权力的安排与配置上体现现代政治权力的审慎与克制;现代政治以人为本的核心价值旨归,以人之平等确立人存在的意义,维护人的权利和尊严,以人权和法律为现代政治之底限;在现代政治的运行手段和方式上体现现代政治的公共性与开放性。由此现代政治宽容的内涵可以阐述为:现代政治宽容是以法制为基础的制度规范体系;是政治领域内的公共美德;是以政治协商、监督、制衡为表现内容的政治实践活动。厘定现代政治宽容内涵是现代政治宽容研究的重要组成部分,为进一步深化现代政治宽容研究奠定基础。提出并分析现代政治宽容的建构问题。从现代政治中执政有效性的逻辑、行政与施政的依法与文明、现代公民文化三个维度,具体阐述执政有效性的内在逻辑和执政有效性的外在逻辑表现;从打造服务型政府、人性化行政与施政、以理性与责任行政与施政、行政与施政的公开和透明表现现代行政与施政的依法与文明;从公民对政治的认同和参与以及公民对国家政治生活的监督和评价构建现代公民文化的特质。从中国社会主义政治文明建设的总体性表征上对有中国特色的社会主义政治宽容进行了初步探讨。在我国政治宽容研究要着眼和落实服务于中国共产党领导下的有中国特色的社会主义道路。中国的政治改革与政治文明建设必须立足国情,有中国特色的政治宽容实践中,如多党合作与政治协商制度、一国两制制度、人民代表大会制度、民族区域自治制度和基层民主制度等,这些有着独特优势的实践不同于西方资本主义的道路。同时我们也在包容差异、宽容多元的基础上寻求和世界各个国家、各个民族一道发展进步。更多还原

【Abstract】 Toleration is both ancient and often new problems, toleration in modern political is not only a kind of valuation and philosophy, also is loaded by constitutional system.Political toleration is both a political ethics and ethical concept, it is the political practice and political activities which reflect system design and creating specificly.Problems of modern political toleration is not only the theory which needs the development of modern political ethics in China, but also the practice demands to the construction of socialist political civilization. It is of great theoretical and realistic significance.This paper upholds dialectical materialism and historical materialism standpoint, viewpoint and method, uses the research methods which includ interdisciplinary, history and logic unifies, induction and deduction, comparative analysis method and the whole system analysis. To further study I think of modern political toleration from history, theory, practice in three aspects. The contents and innovation in this paper mainly have :To study the historical premise of modern political toleration and the formation of political toleration thoughts. From the synchronic perspective, historical premise production of modern political toleration is related to the occurrence of modern capitalism, the development of market economy, the production of modem state, specially religious struggle in modern european history. From the diachronical dimensions, historical development of modern political toleration origin from the ancient toleration thoughts, expand and format the modern toleration thoughts.Explaining the basic connotation of modern political toleration systematically.Modern political toleration is intimately linked to the modern society,modern politics and traditional politics have a significant difference in historical form and value category. It contains : Political power arrangements and configuration reflect prudence and restraint of modern political power;The core of the modern politics is human-oriented value, To establish the meaning of human existence through the human equality, maintaining the human rights and dignity, limition of modern political toleration is human rights and law;Modern politics reflect public and openness in operating mode and means. So the connotation of modern political toleration can be expressed such as: Modern political toleration is standard system which is based on legal system;Modern political toleration is public virtue in political domain;Modern political toleration is political practice and activities through political consultation, supervision and balances. Redefining the connotation of modern political toleration is an important part of the study on it, which lays the foundation for deepening the study of modern political toleration.Puting forward and analyzing the construction of modern political toleration. This paper proceed from three aspects that include logic of governing validity which describes the internal and external logic of it specifically; The goal of administration according to the law and the civilization is to build a service-oriented government, humanized administration and governance with rationality and responsibility, public and transparency;Modern citizen culture contains civic recognition and participation in politics, citizens supervise and evaluate the country’s political life.It discusses the chinese characteristic socialism political toleration from china’s socialist political civilization on the general characterization. Study on political toleration focus on and serve for the chinese characteristic socialism road which is under the leadership of the communist party of China. China’s political reform and political civilization construction must be based on the national conditions. The Chinese characteristic political toleration practice has the following superiority,such as:the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system, system of one country two systems, national people’s congress system,regional autonomy for nationalities system, democracy on the grass-roots level system. They are unique and different in west capitalism path. We seek development and progress together with each country and nationality in containing differences, tolerant multiculturalism basis in the world at the same time.更多还原