【作者】 郑立松；

【导师】 余锡平；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 水利工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 风暴潮灾害是严重威胁沿岸人民生命财产的自然灾害。研究风暴潮及其致灾因素的动力学特征是沿岸防灾减灾工作的必然要求。由于风暴潮过程影响因素的复杂性,相关研究还远不能满足实践的需要。为此,需要综合考虑风暴潮、天文潮和波浪之间的相互作用,构建合适的耦合数学模型,采用数值计算的方法研究各种物理因子的动力学特征,并对其与风暴潮之间的相互作用规律和机理进行分析。本文针对风暴潮过程物理因素众多,相互作用关系复杂的特点,首先研究了台风特征、天文潮、以及波浪与风暴潮之间的特征关系和影响规律。在此基础上,本文基于模块化思想,建立了在台风作用下,综合考虑风暴潮、天文潮和波浪三者相互作用的耦合数值模型。将模型应用到杭州湾地区,分别模拟了典型的实际台风过程以及设计最不利台风过程下的台风浪和风暴潮变化过程。台风作用是影响风暴潮的主要因素。论文以均匀斜坡地形模拟大陆架,模拟台风垂直岸线登陆,得到了不同台风特征参数对风暴增水的影响规律;并分析对比了风应力与低气压作用在台风增水中所占的比重。天文潮与风暴增水之间的非线性作用也是风暴潮模拟中不容忽视的因素,论文分别在理想地形和实际地形中计算了典型台风过程下相应的风暴潮位,分析得到了非线性作用下的风暴增水分布规律,并进一步研究了台风在不同天文潮相位登陆时的风暴增水特征。台风浪既是台风过程中致灾的重要方面,同时也与风暴潮之间存在复杂的相互作用。论文计算了典型的实际台风过程中杭州湾内台风浪的演变情况,分析了波浪与风暴潮的相互影响作用特征及其分布规律。论文将耦合模型应用到杭州湾地区,计算了典型台风过程下的风暴潮过程。对比分析表明,耦合模型能够很好地模拟台风过程中的风暴潮和台风浪。在上述研究成果的基础上,结合历年台风资料设计了对杭州湾最不利的台风过程,模拟该情况下杭州湾内的风暴潮过程,指出了杭州湾内可能的最危险区域,对实际的防灾工作具有重要的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The coast of China is offen attacked by strong storm surges, which usually caused series disasters. To improve the technologies for prevention and mitigation of disasters induced by storm surge is thus a big challenge to the Chinese coastal engineers. This paper developed a coupled numerical model considering the interactions between storm surge, astronomic tide and wind wave. By using this model, the dynamic characteristics of storm surge, tide and wave are studied, and the interaction effects among those hydrodynamic factors are discussed. The model is applied to Hangzhou Bay, which is a typical strong tide river mouth and usually suffers from the typhoon.The newly developed model includes a wind field module, a water level prediction module and a wave module. The three modules are coupled, considering the interaction of typhoon, wave and astronomic tide. Comparing the computed result and the measured data during the storm surge caused by typical real typhoons in Hangzhou Bay, it shows that the developed model works well on simulating the storm surge and typhoon wave.The effect of each hydrodynamic factor on strom surge is analysed. As typhoon is the primary cause of strom surge, the effects of the typhoon characters on storm surge are studied. This paper simulated the storm surge induced by a typhoon moving along the route perpendicular to the shoreline. The paper compared the effects of wind stress and low air press on the storm surge. The nonlinear interaction between astronomic tide and storm surge also plays an important role in storm surge simulation. The paper computed the water levels of storm surge in ideal and real landform of Hangzhou Bay separately, analysed the influence of nonlinear interaction between astronomic tide and strom surge on storm surge. Moreover, the wind wave caused by typhoon is also a disaster important factor in disaster prediction, and wave radiation stress would affect water level. The paper simulated the typhoon wave process in Hangzhou Bay with typical typhoons. The wave distribution is discussed. Meanwhile, the interaction between typhoon wave and storm surge is analysed.Based on the research above, the paper designed a most dangerous typhoon in Hangzhou Bay. By simulating the storm surge under the designed condition, the paper pointed out the most dangerous area in the Hangzhou Bay. It is valueble for prevention and mitigation of the disasters induced by strom surge in the coastland around the Hangzhou Bay.更多还原