【作者】 梁爽；

【导师】 安志勇；

【作者基本信息】 长春理工大学 ， 仪器科学与技术， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 无角位移减振装置是动基座光电侦察稳定平台用来保证像质稳定,获取良好成像信号不可或缺的关键环节。航空侦察具有时效性强、准确度高、侦察范围宽广深远、机动灵活、针对性强的特点,既可克服地面侦察受地球曲率和地形障碍物对视线的限制和强烈干扰,又可弥补由于卫星距离地面远而造成的侦察细节和时效上的不足,所以目前它仍是获取战术情报的基本和有效手段。航空侦察要靠动基座光电侦察平台来实现。平台搭载的光电装置内部以各种光电传感器为主,如可见光与红外侦察相机、激光测距仪和激光目标照射器等。上述各种功能的光电装置统称为光电载荷。光电载荷是实现光学成像,获取目标信息,完成侦察任务的必要条件。但是由于航空侦察的特殊振动力学环境,光电载荷功能的充分实现还要依赖于其稳定系统。在动基座光电装置工作时,有各种各样的内部和外部振源,将会导致目标相对于光轴发生相对运动,进而在像面上产生像移。因此,必须对动载体光电成像装置采取振动控制技术。无角位移减振装置就是动基座光电侦察稳定平台用来保证像质稳定,以及良好成像质量不可或缺的关键环节。在振动所引起的像质变化中,角位移振动远大于线位移振动。所以在设计无角位移减振装置时,应当保证对光电载荷的角振动进行充分抑制同时减小线振动。本文在对各种振动控制技术进行分析的基础上,最终选定了简单可靠、经济性好的被动隔振技术。根据无角位移原理,设计了动基座无角位移减振装置的三维模型,建立了ADAMS虚拟样机。利用ADAMS/Vibration振动分析模块,对建立的虚拟样机进行运动仿真分析,分析其减振性能。分别采用随机信号和正弦信号作为外界振动的激励源,进行了随机振动试验和正弦扫频试验。进而得到了系统的六个自由度方向输出的位移、速度、加速度响应。利用ADAMS的自动优化功能,研究了隔振系统的性能参数,通过比较不同的阻尼和刚度情况下的系统传递函数,得到了系统参数即阻尼和刚度的最优值。仿真分析的结果表明,所设计的动基座无角位移减振装置很好的抑制了角位移,并减小了线位移,实现了预期目标。通过分析影响无角位移减振装置精度的主要因素,有针对性的讨论了无角位移减振装置机构精度分析方法,以及对诸多误差因素的简化策略,建立了无角位移减振装置的误差模型,进行了误差模型的matlab仿真分析和原理样机的实验分析。通过对两种试验分析的结果对比,分析出影响机构误差的主要原因,并提出了提高机构精度的具体方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aviation reconnaissance has strong real-timing, high accuracy, wide reconnaissance range, good maneuverability and pertinence, while ground reconnaissance is dangerous and limited by earth curvature, topography and obstacles, making up for the lack of real timing and details of satellite reconnaissance. So aviation reconnaissance is still the basic and effective means to collect tactic information.Aviation reconnaissance is realized by airborne opto-electric reconnaissance platform. It is a complex Opto-Mechatronics system for the aircraft to observe the circumstances surrounding it, to obtain image information, to indicate and aim at targets. Inside the platform are mainly kinds of opto-electronic sensors. Such as visible and infrared cameras, laser rangefinder, target laser illuminators. These airborne integrated sensors are mounted to the platform which can rotate free to realize various functions. The opto-electric devices are called the opto-electronic payloads. Opto-electronic payload is the necessary and sufficient condition to realize optical imaging, collect target information. Because of the special mechanical environment of aviation reconnaissance, the functioning of opto-electronic payloads relies on the stabilization system.While the airborne opto-electronic reconnaissance devices are working, there are various inner and outer vibration sources. They are the vibration caused by focusing, zooming and dimming mechanisms, the vibration caused by the unset of the center of gravity of camera and vacillating of the support frame, the vibration caused by the working engines of the aircraft and rapid change of speed, direction, height and attitude. In the complex vibration environment, there will be a relative movement between the target and the optic axis, leading to image motion and image blur. So vibration isolation techniques must be taken for airborne opto-electronic reconnaissance devices. Irrotational displacement isolator is the indispensable key link to ensure the image quality of airborne photoelectric reconnaissance platform.Known from analysis, angular vibration plays a much bigger part in the image motion than line vibration. The angular vibration should be suppressed and line vibration should be reduced while designing. On the base of comparing various vibration control techniques, passive vibration isolation is chosen because of its simplicity, reliability and economical efficiency. By use of non-angular theory, the three dimensional model of airborne vibration isolation platform is built, and so is the ADAMS virtual prototype of it.By use of the ADAMS/vibration analysis module, the established virtual prototype is analyzed and tested. Random vibration test and swept sine test are performed as the random signal and sine signal being the vibration driving source signal. Displacement response, speed response and acceleration response separately in the six direction of freedom are obtained. By use of the auto optimizing function of ADAMS, the optimum value of damping and stiffness are gotten. The results indicate that, the vibration isolation platform suppressed the angular vibration and reduced the line vibration.The error of the damping mechanism of the vibration isolation platform affects directly on the damping effect. By analyzing the main factors that affecting the error, the error analysis methods and the error reductionistic strategy have been discussed. I established the error model of the vibration isolation mechanism, and performed simulation analysis by MATLAB on the model. The prototype of the mechanism has also been tested. By contrastively analyzing the test results, the main factors affecting the error have been found out, and the methods for improving precision of the mechanism have been brought forward.更多还原