【作者】 邵锐；

【导师】 孙彦彬； 王渝明；

【作者基本信息】 东北石油大学 ， 石油工程管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 徐深气田火山岩储层目前已成为大庆油区天然气增储上产的主力产层,但由于深层火山岩气藏岩性岩相复杂多变、储层致密、非均质性极强、微裂缝和边底水发育、产能变化大,其开发属世界级难题。如何确定正确的开发技术政策,编制高质量、一流的开发方案,对实现气田高效开发至关重要。本文针对火山岩气藏的具体特点,采用多学科联合攻关火山岩气藏储层描述、产能评价、提高单井产量等瓶颈技术,并对徐深气田火山岩气藏开发方案进行系统评价与优选。地质研究是气田开发的基础,储层精细描述更是编制好开发方案的关键。通过野外露头精细刻画、目的层连续取心及密井网解剖,建立火山岩岩性、岩相识别方法；通过成像测井及叠前与叠后地震资料综合研究,预测火山岩储层裂缝发育带的分布；通过CT、核磁、恒速压汞等特殊分析技术,研究火山岩内部裂缝、微裂缝及气孔溶洞的发育特征；通过地震反演技术,预测储层的含气性。在此基础上,建立了徐深气田火山岩气藏地质综合描述方法,提高了火山岩气藏储层预测精度。确定了徐深1区块气藏地质特征：营一段火山岩岩相以爆发相(53.7%)和溢流相(28.1%)为主；储集空间由孔隙和裂缝组成,以高角度的构造缝为主,气藏总体表现为上气下水的特征,为构造岩性气藏。整体属于大型、低孔、低渗常规干气气藏。通过对探井、开发评价井试气、试采分析及试井解释技术的应用,建立了适合火山岩气藏的修正等时和回压试井两种试采模式,制定合理的测试工作制度；采用变产量不稳定产能分析方法、一点法等,分别建立了不同类型井及全气藏的产能方程,同时,建立了一套适合深层火山岩气藏的产能评价方法；揭示了火山岩气藏的产能特征及其影响因素,确定了气藏合理开发技术政策。在储层适应性分析的基础上,分析了水平井开发火山岩气藏的优势,建立了水平井优化设计方法,探索了这类气藏的有效开发模式,提高了火山岩气藏单井产能、储量动用程度和整体开发效益。在此基础上,应用系统工程理论和方法,分析确定了地质与气藏工程方案、钻井工程方案、采气工程方案、地面工程方案等多个方案及各方案之间的合理关系,建立总体开发方案系统优选流程,采用动态评价方法进行科学有效地评价与优选出最优的总体开发方案。采用“边评价、边开发、井间逐次加密、井网多次成型”的“滚动开发”模式,相对均匀的不规则井网,设计总井数38口,年产气7.9×108m3,采气速度2.55%,稳产期10年,动用地质储量311.3×108m3,预测20年,采出程度为42.1%。经评价,项目经济可行,税后财务内部收益率为18.1%,净现值35632.8万元,投资回收期为7.0年；应用概率分析法对总体开发方案进行风险分析,提出相应的防范控制措施。目前该方案已顺利实施,取得了较好的开发效果,该研究为大庆火山岩气藏合理高效开发提供了科学依据,对国内外同类火山岩气藏开发起到重要的指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The volcanic gas reservoir of Xushen gas field has currently become the main layer to enhance the gas production in Daqing oil field. But in volcanic reservoir lithofacies are complex and changeable, the reservoir is dense, the heterogeneity is extremely strong, micro cracks and bottom water are developed, and the production interval is big, so it is a world-class problem to develop it. How to make the correct development technology policy and the high quality, first-class development plan, is very important to the efficient gas development. According to the concrete characteristics of volcanic rock reservoirs, multidisciplinary joint tackling is used to overcome the difficult in volcanic reservoir description, reservoir productivity evaluation, single well production increase, and other bottlenecks technology, the development of the volcanic reservoir in Xushen gas field is also evaluated and optimized.The study of geology is the basis to develop gas fields, reservoir fine description is the key to make the development program well. Through the field outcrop fine description, target layer continuous coring and dense pattern anatomy to establish identification methods of volcanic rock lithology and lithofacies. The imaging logging, pre-stack and post-stack seismic material are studied to predict the distribution of crack-developing zones. Through the CT, NMR, constant speed pressure mercury and other special analysis techniques, the development characteristic of internal volcanic cracks, the micro cracks and stomatal cave is studied. To predict the showings of gas, the seismic inversion technology is used. On this basis, the description method of volcanic reservoirs has been established, which can improve the accuracy of the volcanic reservoir prediction. Geological characteristics of Xushen 1 block are as follow, Outbreaks phase and the overflow phase are the main lithofacies in the first member of Yingcheng formation; Reservoir space is composed by porosity and cracks mainly with high angles, the water mainly distributes under the gas and it is a tectonic lithologic reservoir. The whole reservoir is a large scale conventional dry gas reservoir with low porosity and low permeability.Two testing mode are producted, one is modified isochronal testing and the other is back pressure test. Reasonable work system has also been made. All these are based on the application of the testing, the analysis of the pilot production data and the well test interpretation. The productivity characteristic and the factors influence the productivity are uncovered, reasonable policy to develop the reservoir is also determined. On the basis of reservoir adaptability analysis, the advantages of the application of horizontal wells in volcanic reservoir are confirmed, the method for the horizontal wells optimization is conducted, the effective development mode for this kind of reservoir is explored, the productivity of single well,the level of the reserves producing and the overall benefits in volcanic reservoir are improved.On this basis, by the application of system engineering theory and method, programs of the geology, reservoir engineering, drilling engineering, production engineering, surface engineering and the relationship among them are determined, the system optimization process of the overall development program is conducted, the program is evaluated and optimized by dynamic evaluation method.38 wells are set in irregular pattern, annual gas production is 7.9×108m3, the gas producing rate is 2.55%,the stable production period is 10 years, the used gas in place is 311.3×108m3, the recovery is 42.1% after 20 years. The project is economical, the financial internal rate of return is 18.1%, the net present value is 356.328 million, the investment payoff period is 7 years. The risk of the program must be analyzed by the probability analysis and prevent and control measures must be conducted.At present, the program has been implemented smoothly and the effect is good development. The scientific proof to the reasonable and effective development of Daqing volcanic reservoir has been provided by this research and the development of foreign similar volcanic gas reservoir can be guided by this research too.更多还原