【作者】 任永利；

【导师】 张肖宁；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 结构工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 近年来,我国公路建设得到了迅速发展,但与此同时,高速公路沥青路面出现了较为严重的早期破坏现象。不仅造成经济损失,而且影响交通行业的社会形象和工程的可持续发展。高速公路沥青路面早期损坏现象主要表现为:水损害、松散、车辙、裂缝、泛油等。其中车辙病害可以说是最为严重,危害也是相当大的,它是沥青路面特有的一种损坏现象。分析路面车辙的成因可知,高温是车辙产生的最直接诱因——高温使得沥青变软,造成沥青混凝土的承载能力下降。目前在解决沥青路面的车辙问题时,主要是提高沥青混合料的高温稳定性。即通过提高沥青的高温性能、或采用骨架型集料级配等来提高沥青混合料的抗车辙能力。所采取的这些措施均为“被动”式的技术措施,即通过提高沥青混合料自身的高温性能“被动”地接受外界高温。但工程实践证明这些技术的应用也很难根本地解决车辙问题,且增加工程成本。正是基于这一问题,本文采用热物性参数较小的陶瓷沥青混合料作为道路隔热层,减弱热能在沥青混合料中的累积,降低路面的温度,提高道路的抗车辙能力。该方法的特点是避免了道路“被动”接受外界高温,而是采用“主动”的方式,降低路面温度。陶瓷废料沥青混凝土隔热层技术,在实现沥青路面设计理论创新的同时;也可推动陶瓷废料的废物利用,节约资源、保护环境。采用陶瓷废料修筑路面,可以减少对矿产资源的消耗,有效缓解工业生产对环境的破坏。这将有利于保证高速公路的建设质量,提高交通运输效益,减少污染,改善生态环境。进而会产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益。本文依据气象工程、道路工程、热能工程、材料工程等领域的理论和技术,展开了陶瓷废料沥青混合料隔热层“主动”降低路面温度技术研究。研究的内容主要包括:①研究影响道路温度的主要因素。研究后发现,影响道路高温的主要因素包括两方面:(一)外界环境因素,其中包括太阳辐射,大气温度,风等外界因素。(二)道路材料的内部因素,即材料的热物性,包括导热系数、比热容等。其中外界环境因素是客观存在的,不以人的意志为转移的,是我们改变不了的。因此,要想降低路面温度,应考虑采用第二种方式,即采用热物性小的材料作为路面铺装材料,降低路面温度。②研究了道路材料的热物性参数,从理论上证明采用较低热物性参数的材料实现降低道路温度是可行的;研究了热物性参数较小的陶瓷废料沥青混合料的路用性能后证实,陶瓷废料沥青混合料作为道路隔热层应用于路面磨耗层是可行的,以及通过室内试验的方法研究了陶瓷废料沥青混合料的热物性,从理论上证明陶瓷废料沥青混合料作为隔热层降低路面温度是可行性。③通过对陶瓷废料沥青混凝土隔热层实际道路温度测定,证明陶瓷废料沥青混凝土隔热层具有较好的降温效果。采用陶瓷废料沥青混凝土隔热层技术,可以明显降低路面温度;采用陶瓷废料沥青混凝土隔热层可以减少路面高温作用时间;采用陶瓷废料沥青混凝土隔热层减少路面温度波动;因此应用陶瓷废料沥青混凝土隔热层大大改善了路面温度条件。④利用有限元Ansys计算软件,通过参数分析法,研究陶瓷废料掺入量(陶瓷废料掺量分别为0%、20%、40%、60%、80%及100%)对道路隔热效果的影响。研究后发现,陶瓷废料掺入量越多,道路降温效果越好。但是综合考虑陶瓷废料沥青混合料降温效果及路用性能,建议在实际工程中应用时,陶瓷的掺量控制在40%～60%之间较为合适。通过该论文的研究表明,陶瓷废料沥青混合料隔热层不仅可以很好的降低路面温度,改善路面温度条件,提高道路抗车辙性能,且可以陶瓷废料的废物利用,节约资源、保护环境。因此,在道路建设及养护中应推广该技术的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, highway construction has been developing rapidly, but at the same time, highway asphalt pavement in the early emergence of more serious damage phenomenon. Not only caused economic losses but also affected the social image of the transport sector and project sustainability. Early Damage of Asphalt Pavement mainly as follows: water damage, loose, rutting, cracking, weeping and so on. Rut one can say is the most serious damage is quite large, it is a unique damage pavement phenomenon. Analysis shows that the causes of rutting, rutting resulting temperature is the most direct incentives making asphalt softening temperature, resulting in decreased carrying capacity of asphalt concrete. Currently rutting of asphalt pavement in the settlement issue, mainly to improve high temperature stability of asphalt mixture. Through improved high temperature performance of asphalt or using skeletal aggregate gradation asphalt mixture and so to improve the rutting resistance.These measures are taken to "passive" type of technical measures to improve the mixture through the high temperature of their "passive" acceptance of outside temperature. But the project is proved that the technology is difficult to fundamentally solve the rutting problem and increase the cost of the project.Based on this problem, we use a smaller thermal parameters of asphalt as a road ceramic insulation, reduced heat accumulated in the asphalt mixture, reduce the temperature of the road and improve road rutting resistance. Characteristics of the method is to avoid the path of "passive" accept outside temperature, instead of using "active" approach to reduce the surface temperature.Ceramic insulating layer of asphalt concrete waste, asphalt pavement design theory in achieving innovation at the same time; also promoted the use of waste ceramic waste, conserve resources, protect the environment. Road construction with ceramic waste, can reduce the consumption of mineral resources, to effectively alleviate the damage of industrial production on the environment. This will help ensure the quality of highway construction, improving transportation efficiency, reduce pollution and improve the ecological environment. Turn will have enormous economic and social benefits.This article based on weather, road engineering, thermal engineering, materials engineering and other fields of theory and technology, expand the waste mixture of ceramic insulation layer "active" to reduce road surface temperature technique. Contents of the study include①The temperature of the main factors affecting the road. Study found that high temperatures affect the path of two main factors: (a) the external environmental factors, including solar radiation, air temperature, wind and other external factors. (b) internal factors of road materials, the thermal properties of materials, including thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity. Which is an objective of environmental factors, not the people’s will is that we not change. Therefore, to reduce the surface temperature, must adopt the second approach, that uses a small thermal properties of the material as road paving materials to reduce surface temperature.②To study the way the material thermal parameters, proved theoretically that a lower thermal properties of materials to achieve lower road temperature is feasible. To study the thermal properties of ceramic waste less asphalt road performance. Study found that waste mixture of ceramic insulation used as a road surface wear layer is feasible. The laboratory test method to study the waste mixture of ceramic thermal properties obtained from waste proved ceramic insulating layer of asphalt mixture as the temperature is reduced the feasibility of the road.③Through the insulating layer of ceramic waste asphalt concrete determination of the actual road temperature, heat proof ceramic waste asphalt concrete layer has a better cooling effect. Waste asphalt concrete with ceramic insulation layer, can significantly reduce the surface temperature; ceramic waste asphalt concrete pavement temperature insulating layer can reduce the duration of action; with ceramic insulation to reduce waste asphalt concrete pavement temperature fluctuations; so the application of ceramic waste asphalt concrete greatly improved insulation surface temperature conditions.④Calculated using finite element software Ansys, through parameter analysis to study the incorporation of ceramic waste materials (ceramic waste ash were 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) insulation on the road effects. Study found that, considering the ceramic waste asphalt pavement performance and cooling effect, it is recommended in practical engineering applications, ceramic content of 40% ~ 60% is more appropriate. Studies have shown that through the paper, ceramic waste for insulation layer of asphalt pavement can not only reduce the surface temperature of a good, improving pavement temperature conditions, enhancing road rutting resistance performance, and can use ceramic waste, conserve resources, protect the environment. Therefore, in road construction and maintenance should be the promotion of the technology.更多还原