教学空白艺术

【作者】 张晓辉；

【导师】 李如密；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 空白艺术是常用的一种艺术手法,在绘画、书法、文学、戏剧、影视、音乐、建筑等各门类艺术领域被广泛使用,在教学领域也逐渐得到关注。在教学实践中,众多教师运用自身的教学智慧创造了大量的优秀事例,产生了理想的教学效果。受其启示,笔者尝试对教学空白艺术进行较为深入系统的研究。教学空白艺术是指灵活运用空白,遵循教学规律以及美的规律进行的创造性教学实践活动。教学空白艺术具有多样性的特征,主要包括实践性、创造性、情感性、形象性、审美性、教育性、不确定性等。教学空白艺术的表现形式可以从教学要素构成、空白存在形态、艺术创生等多个视角进行相对性区分。教学空白艺术是在哲学、心理学、美学以及教学论等各学科发展现代意义上的建构,有着丰富深厚的理论根源。中国传统哲学的老庄有无之辨、玄学贵无论、禅宗顿悟学说,以及西方现代哲学的对话理论、阐释学理论、后现代理论等为教学空白艺术提供了哲学基础。格式塔心理学的整体心理观、知觉组织原则、顿悟学习说、心物场以及蔡加尼克效应等为教学空白艺术提供了心理学基础。先秦、两汉、魏晋南北朝、明、清代各时期的中国传统美学,以及心理距离说、冰山原则说、接受美学理论等西方现代美学为教学空白艺术提供了美学基础。古今中外众多教学理论,诸如启发教学、范例教学、暗示教学等为教学空白艺术提供了坚实的教学论基础。教学空白艺术是一种极具重要意义的活动,主要表现在能够适应和满足学生与教师的一定需要。一方面,教学空白艺术对学生的生命发展、审美发展、心智发展(包括感知能力发展、想象能力、思维能力、创造能力等)、自主能力发展、个性发展等都能产生深刻影响。另一方面,教学空白艺术对教师而言,有利于教师教学成效的提高、教学境界的提升、以及教学风格的形成。教学空白艺术的创生是非常复杂的,但又自成为一个相对独立完整的体系。首先,教学空白艺术是由教师和学生共同创生的,教师和学生所具备的素养直接影响其创生的品质。其次,教学空白艺术的创生应遵循一定的原则,如整体性原则、有无相生的辩证性原则、以及适切性原则等。第三,教学空白艺术的创生策略是非常丰富多样的,如从形成“空白”的视角入手,主要有“省略”、“隐蔽”、“停顿”、“暗示”、“模糊”、“等待”等。教学空白艺术的核心思想是力图实现“无教之教”的理想教学境界。即超越现实教学中存在的种种弊端和缺憾,以保证教学的“完整”意义。教学空白艺术的发展趋势主要表现在如下几个方面：一是教学空白艺术与其他形态教学艺术的融合将得到强化；二是教学空白艺术的理论分析将进一步深化；三是教学空白艺术的实践研究将更加细化；四是教学空白艺术的创生将愈发优化；五是教学空白艺术的研究方法将多元化。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of art technique, the blank art is widely used in painting, calligraphy, literature, drama, film, music and so on. In the field of teaching, it is received more and more attention. In the teaching practice, many teachers used their teaching intelligence to create lots of good cases and achieve the expected teaching results. This thesis aims to systematically explore the teaching blank art.Teaching blank art refers to flexibly using the blank to creative teaching activities according to teaching and aesthetics laws. It has the features of practice, creativity, emotion, image, aesthetic, education, uncertainty and so on. The manifestations of teaching blank art can be analyzed from the following three visions, the teaching elements, the form of blank existence and the artistic creation.Teaching blank art gets insights from many disciplines, philosophy, psychology, aesthetic and teaching theory, etc. Chinese traditional philosophy, such as Laozi, Zhuangzi and Zen, and modern western philosophy, such as dialogue theory, hermeneutics, postmodern theories, offer its philosophical base. The overall mental view, consciousness organizational principle, insight learning theory, psychophysical field and zeigamik effect. of Gestalt psychology offer its psychological base. Chinese traditional aesthetics in pre-Qin, Han, Weijin, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and modern western aesthetics, such as psychical distance theory, iceberg theory and aesthetic of reception, offer its aesthetic base.Many kinds of teaching theories of all times,such as heuristic teaching, paradigm teaching, suggest opedia, offer its teaching theory base.Teaching blank art is a quite important activity, which can adapt and meet the needs of students and teachers. On the one hand, it produces profound influence on the students’ life development, aesthetic development, mental development (including perception, imagination, thinking and creativity), independence development, character development and so on. On the other hand, it helps the teacher improve their teaching efficiency, improve their teaching state, and form their teaching style.The creation of teaching blank art is quite complicated, while it forms a relatively independent comprehensive system. First, teaching blank art is created by the common efforts from the teacher and the student. The quality of the teacher and the student has a direct effect on its efficiency. Second, the creation of teaching blank art follows the holistic principle, the dialectical principle and the adaptive principle. Third, the creation of teaching blank art has a diversity of strategies, such as omitting, hiding, pausing, hinting, blurring, waiting, and so on.The core of teaching blank art aims to achieve the ideal teaching state of the teaching without being taught. The tendency of its development mainly reflects on the following aspects:The integration between teaching blank art and other teaching arts will be strengthened; The theoretical analysis of teaching blank art will be deepened; The practical research of teaching blank art will be detailed; The creation of teaching blank art will be bettered; The research methods of teaching blank art will be diversified.更多还原