珠江流域中上游新石器时代文化研究

【作者】 廖国一；

【导师】 杨楠；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 专门史， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 珠江是中国第四大河,珠江流域自然生态环境独特、水资源十分丰富。珠江流域中上游是一个相对独立的自然地理单元和新石器时代考古学文化区。珠江流域中上游是中华民族古文明的重要孕育地之一,该区域的新石器时代文化是中国、东亚新石器时代文化的重要组成部分。本文由绪论、正文和结论三部分组成。绪论部分的内容有4点：(1)本文研究的范围和内容；(2)本文研究的意义；(3)研究方法和问题的解决；(4)前人研究成果的回顾。正文共分七章。第一章“珠江流域中上游自然地理和生态环境概况”。从珠江流域的地理位置、自然生态环境、主要水系和七大区域等方面论述珠江流域中上游新石器时代中上游的自然地理和生态环境特征。第二章“珠江流域中上游新石器时代文化的分区和分期”。把珠江流域中上游的新石器时代文化分成漓江流域、柳江流域、郁江流域、黔浔江流域、左江流域、右江流域、红水河流域七个文化区,并分别从新石器时代文化考古发现概况、主要遗址等方面论述各区域的新石器时代文化的特征,并结合地层叠压关系、器物特征、碳14测定数据等方面材料,对各区域的新石器时代文化进行了分期。本文通过对一大批具有地方特色、内涵丰富的新石器时代重要文化遗址的研究分析,阐述各区域新石器时代早中晚期文化的特征。第三章“珠江流域中上游新石器时代文化的发展阶段及特征”,把珠江流域中上游的新石器时代文化分为早、中、晚三期,并分别论述了各阶段的基本特征。第四章“珠江流域中上游各区域新石器时代文化之间的关系”。由“珠江流域中上游各区域新石器时代文化的相互关系”和“珠江流域中上游各区域新石器时代文化的源流关系”两部分组成,分别从横向和纵向的角度论述珠江流域中上游这一区域内新石器时代文化的相互关系,及其与本地区旧石器时代晚期文化和商周时期文化的关系。第五章“与周边地区新石器时代文化的关系”。论述了珠江流域中上游新石器时代文化与越南红河流域、海南岛诸河流域、桂南沿海诸河流域、珠江下游流域、长江中游新石器时代文化的关系。认为珠江流域中上游地区新石器时代文化与周边地区的新石器时代文化存在着同一性与差异性,同一性与差异性反映了文化之间的交流、文化特点的形成与自然地理条件的关系。第六章“珠江流域中上游新石器时代的社会经济”。论述了珠江流域中上游的采集、狩猎、渔捞经济形态的长期存在、稻作农业的传入、新石器时代人类对居住环境的选择,以及喀斯特地形和海洋性气候对珠江流域中上游新石器时代文化的影响,说明珠江流域中上游新石器时代文化的社会经济具有采集、渔捞经济的特色,这些特色的形成与该区域的热带亚热带的自然地理环境有着密切的关系。该章的第三节论述了珠江流域中上游新石器时代的墓葬,内容包括墓葬概况、几种特殊的埋葬习俗及其内涵、原因等。第七章“珠江流域中上游新石器时代文化的总体特征及其地位”,论述了珠江流域中上游新石器时代文化的总体特征及其在东亚、东南亚的地位。结语部分涉及珠江流域中上游新石器时代文化的特征、地位、区系类型等问题。认为珠江流域中上游地处东亚南部,其新石器时代文化域延续了本地区旧石器时代晚期文化的传统,形成了与黄河流域的旱地农业、长江流域的稻作农业不同的采集、渔捞经济为特色的文化区。更多还原

【Abstract】 ’People can’t survive and develop without water, so water is the physical essential resource for both human beings and other creatures, as well as being very important in human culture. The Pearl River flowing through southern China is the fourth largest river in China, with unique ecological environment and abundant water resource. The Upper Middle Pearl River valley is a relatively independent physical geographical unit which is reflected in the region’s Neolithic archaeological culture. As one of the cradles of the Chinese nation’s ancient civilization, the Neolithic culture in the Upper Middle Pearl River valley is an important component of the Neolithic culture of China, and even of East Asia.This article consists of three parts:introduction, main text and conclusion.The contents of introduction is divided into 4 parts:(1) The scope and content of this research; (2) The significance of this research; (3) The research methods and problem solving; (4) The current literature review. The main text is divided into seven chapters.The first chapter,"An introduction to the natural geographical and ecological environment of the Upper Middle Pearl River valley", discusses the characteristics of the natural geographical and ecological environment of this river valley, in terms of its location, natural ecological environment, major water systems, seven areas and so on. ChapterⅡ, is about the different phases of the Neolithic cultures in the Upper Middle Pearl River valley and how they can also be separated into 7 different regional cultures. These 7 regions are in the Lijiang valley, Liujiang valley, Yujiang valley, Qianjiang-Xunjiang valley, Zuojiang valley, Youjiang valley, and Red River valley. In terms of the archaeological findings of Neolithic culture, we discuss the Neolithic culture characteristics of the major sites in every valley. By looking at the different layers, the artifacts’characteristic and by using C14 dating, we can identify the different ages of Neolithic culture in every valley. Because of the large number sites of rich content in this area, we can discuss all features of Neolithic culture from its beginning right through to advanced Neolithic culture.ChapterⅢ, is entitled "The development stages and characteristics of the Neolithic cultures in the Upper Middle Pearl River valley". In this chapter, you will find that the Neolithic cultures in this region had undergone a process from its beginning right through to advanced Neolithic, and there were different basic characteristics in different stage.ChapterⅣ, is entitled "The relationships between the regional Neolithic cultures in the Upper Middle Pearl River valley". This discusses "The relationships between the different regional Neolithic cultures in the Upper Middle Pearl River valley", and" The relationships overtime of the regional Neolithic cultures in the Upper Middle Pearl River valley". These two parts, from the horizontal and vertical point of view respectively, discuss the relationship of the Neolithic cultures in the Upper Middle Pearl River valley, the relationship between the Neolithic culture and the previous Late Paleolithic culture of this area, and the relationship between the Neolithic culture and the later culture in Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the same area.ChapterⅤ, "The Neolithic culture’s relationship between the Upper Middle Pearl River valley and the surrounding areas", discusses the Neolithic culture’s relationship between the Upper Middle Pearl River valley and the Red River valley of Vietnam, the valleys of rivers in Hainan Island, the valleys of Coastal Rivers in the southern Guangxi, the coastal lower Pearl River area, and the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Thus it can be seen that, this proves there is both common identity and diversity between the Neolithic cultures of the Upper Middle Pearl River valley and the surrounding areas’. This common identity and this diversity show that the exchanges between different cultures, the relationship between the formation of cultural characteristics and the conditions of physical geography.ChapterⅥ"The Neolithic social economy of the Upper Middle Pearl River valley", discusses a constant reproach of its social economic formation including gathering, hunting and fishing, the introduction of rice agriculture, people’s choice of residence environment, and the impact of the karst terrain and a maritime climate on the Neolithic culture of the Upper Middle Pearl River valley. It shows that the. features of the Neolithic culture of the Upper Middle Pearl River valley were gathering, hunting and fishing. These features of its formation is closely allied to the physical geographical environment, and it’s subtropical and tropical climates. In sectionⅢ, we discuss the Neolithic tombs in this region, including the introduction, several special Neolithic funerary customs and connotations, and causes.ChapterⅦ, "The general characteristics and status of the Neolithic culture in the Upper Middle Pearl River valley", discusses its general characteristics and its status in the East Asia and the Southeast Asia.The Conclusion, includes the characteristics, status, types of the Neolithic culture in the Upper Middle Pearl River valley, and concludes that this Neolithic culture which is located in Southern East Asia, continued the. Late Paleolithic cultural traditions of this region and formed an unique culture region. The characteristics of this culture region are a gathering, fishing and hunting economy, which is different from the dry land agriculture of Yellow River Valley, and the rice agriculture of Yangtze River Valley.更多还原