【作者】 李雪梅；

【导师】 王正珍；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的发展,人类的生活方式发生了巨大的改变。慢性病的发病率逐年上升,而这种发病率与国家的经济发展水平呈正相关。长期以来的研究已经明确每周3-5次、每次30分钟以上的中等强度体力活动有利于促进健康。但尚缺乏一套适合中国国民的系统而完善的健步走健身效果评价方案。目的与意义：本研究通过对40-49岁成年人健步走健身效果评价的研究,为该健身项目运动干预计划提供有效的评价依据。并为其他健身项目各年龄段国民健身效果评价的研究提供构建模型。方法：通过文献查阅、专家访谈、实验法和数据统计分析,确定研究对象和思路,选择干预方案,统计数据。结果：1)明确40-49岁成年人健步走健身效果评价研究中身体机能、形态、素质、血生化和世界生存质量量表5大类指标的权重分别为22.9%、20%、20%、19.5%和17.6%；2)确定5大类指标中各项具体指标及其权重；3)给出40-49岁成年人健步走健身效果评价研究中各项指标评分的参考标准；4)23名受试者完成回代试验。男性安静收缩压、腰围、甘油三酯干预后显著低于干预前；女性体脂百分比、总胆固醇、甘油三酯干预后显著低于干预前；5)在长期锻炼者与静坐少动者之间,男性安静心率、相对最大摄氧量、肺活量、腰围、腰臀比、体脂百分比、BMI、坐位体前屈、HDL-C各项指标前者显著优于后者；女性安静心率、相对最大摄氧量、肺活量、台阶指数、腰臀比、BMI、骨强度指数、握力、背力、仰卧起坐、坐位体前屈、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、HDL-C、超敏C反应蛋白、血糖前者显著优于后者。结论：本研究发现在40-49岁年龄段,男性和女性长期锻炼人群较之静坐少动人群其慢性疾病发病风险因素更低,有着更好的身体健康状态。并且静坐少动受试者经过12周健步走运动干预计划后,男性和女性的部分慢性疾病风险因素降低,说明此健步走运动方式对40-49岁成年人可有效降低慢性疾病发病风险。并且通过本研究筛选出的各项指标可有效评价健步走运动计划对成年人健身效果的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy, individual’s lifestyle changes a lot. Chronic disease incidence increases year by year. Long-term research has made it clear that every week 3-5 times, more than 30 minutes per time of moderate-intensity physical activity is benefit to health. But the existing assessment manuals don’t contain of the biochemistry indicators and they are not comprehensive enough.Objectives:To form the exercise effect assessment system for 40-49 adults on brisk. This assessment will provide effective evaluation system for brisk intervention programs.And provides a constructing model for the formation of all ages and other types of exercise effect assessment system.Methods: We consulted articles on medline, EBSCOhost and PROquest databases by the keywords physical activity, physical fitness, assessment, evaluate, etc. We also recruited Volunteers to take part in the intervention project.Results:1) Establish the brisk walking effect assessment system for 40-49 adults. Choosing cardiorespiratory Fitness index, morphological index, physical fitness indexes, blood biochemical indicators and the WHOQOL-BREF. The weighting of each indexes is 22.9%, 20%,20%,19.5% and 17.6%, respectively.2) Ascertain each indicators and the weighting of the 5 indexes by factor analysis. Male:SBPrest, relative V02max, WC, bone strength index, push-ups, TC, HDL-C, hsCRP, WHOQOL-BREF. Female:SBPrest, relative V02max, body fat percentage, bone strength index, sit-ups, TC, TG, hsCRP, WHOQOL-BREF.3) Ascertain evaluation standards for the exercise effect assessment system for 40-49 adults. Single indicator takes five score method. Comprehensive evaluation takes 4 class rank method.4) 23 subjects completed intervention plans. Significant differences indicator:men, SBPrest, WC, TG; Female, body fat percentage, TC, TG.5) The indicators between the long-term exercising adults and sedentary adults statistically significant differences.Male:HRrest, relative VO2max, vital capacity, WC, WHR, body fat percentage, BMI, sit-and-reach, HDL-C; Female:HRrest, relative VO2max, vital capacity, steps index, WHR, BMI, bone strength index, grip, back force, sit-ups succession, sit-and-reach, TC, TG, HDL-C, hsCRP, blood sugar. These indicators directly support long-term aerobic exercise health effects.Conclusion:In this rereach we found that, active lifestyle people at 40-49 years old has significant lower risk factors for chronic disease than the sedentary ones, and have higher level of fitness. after 12 weeks brisk walking intervention, the sedentary subjects has significantly improved their fitness by body composition and TC, TG, etc, which implied the brisk walking intervention has decreased the risk foctors on chronic diseas. and by this exercise effect assessment could clearly evaluate the effectivness of the intervention plan on the risk factors of 40-49 years old adults.更多还原