【作者】 张秀芬；

【导师】 张树有；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 低碳与可拆卸性是影响产品环境性能的重要因素,在综述国内外研究现状的基础上本文提出并深入研究了复杂产品可拆卸性分析与低碳结构进化设计技术。以复杂产品为应用对象,围绕产品低碳与可拆卸结构单元图谱构建及演化、拆卸信息建模、单体与多体协作拆卸序列规划、多粒度层次可拆卸性评价、产品低碳结构进化设计技术等展开了研究,并在多个机电产品中进行应用分析,验证了所提出的理论、方法及技术的可行性。全文的组织结构为：第一章：综述了产品可拆卸设计的关键技术及产品低碳设计相关技术的国内外研究现状,分析归纳了现有产品可拆卸性分析与低碳结构进化设计方法的不足,提出了本文的组织结构和主要研究工作。第二章：提出了低碳与可拆卸结构单元图谱建模及演化方法。基于物元和图论法构建了低碳与可拆卸结构单元模型,对典型结构单元的联接类型、装配约束和拆卸工具等进行分类编码,约简结构单元模型,构建典型低碳与可拆卸结构单元图谱。在此基础上,提出继承、组合、派生三种图谱演化方法,以支持图谱在设计过程中的动态更新。第三章：研究了复杂产品拆卸信息建模与序列规划分析方法。提出了基本拆卸混合图和拆卸赋权混合图模型及其数学描述；针对复杂产品单体拆卸序列规划问题设计了拆卸混合图和粒子群优化算法相结合的完全拆卸序列规划和目标选择性拆卸序列规划方法；提出了多体协作拆卸序列规划技术,通过问题抽象描述,应用分枝定界法构建了协作层次拆卸树进行协作拆卸序列自适应寻优。第四章：描述了可拆卸性评价相关内容,面向复杂产品提出了多粒度层次可拆卸性评价模型,该模型描述了从产品层到设计单元层的评价指标,并给出各指标的量化方法和准则。引入拆卸熵进行产品层粗粒度评价,利用时间因子法构建了设计单元层细粒度评价矩阵,为降低评价矩阵维数和消除评价指标信息冗余,采用主成分分析法对设计单元层进行细粒度综合评价。第五章：给出了低碳相关概念、内涵和低碳技术,建立了产品系统生命周期碳排放流模型,分析了产品碳排放相关影响因素,以联接特征为对象,将产品抽象为基本低碳与可拆卸结构单元的组合,构建了产品碳排放结构单元映射模型,基于低碳与可拆卸结构单元进行产品低碳结构单元映射,以产品碳足迹为基础递归计算低碳与可拆卸结构单元碳足迹,识别主要排放源,进行结构低碳化进化设计。第六章：结合多个机电产品进行应用实例分析,验证了所提理论、方法及技术的可行性与有效性。第七章：对全文研究成果进行了总结,并对今后研究工作进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of human society production, the problems such as environmental pollution,resources exhaustion, climate change and so on have been a serious threat to human survival.Design for environment is one of the effective ways to alleviate these contradictions. While low carbon footprint and Disassemblability of product are important environmental performance in design for environment,the technology for complex product disassemblability analysis and structure design for low-carbon is put forward and studied based on the overview of the state of art of the technology. The technologies and methodologies including the construction and evolution of low-carbon and disassemblable structure unit map for products, disassembly process analysis model, disassembly sequence planning, multi-granularity and hierarchy disassemblability evaluation methodology and product structure design for low-carbon are deeply studied.The organization structure of the full thesis is as follows:Chapter 1 gives the reviews of product design for environment with the focus on design for low-carbon and disassembly.The shortage of present research for product design for disassembly and low-carbon is proposed. Then the research content and architecture of the dissertation is presented.Chapter 2 puts forward the method of construction and evolution for product low-carbon and disassemblable structure unit map.There are so many kinds of connection structures that the typical connection structure is extracted from the complex mechanical products.Based on matter-element and graph theory, the low-carbon and disassemblable structure unit graph(LCDSUG) is built. Furthermore,classifying and coding of connection type,composition and disassembly tool is performed to simplify the LCDSUG and thus to form the product low-carbon and disassemblable structure unit map(LCDSUM).In addition,LCDSUM evolution methods such as inheriting,combining and deriving operation are proposed to update the LCDSUM during the design process.Chapter 3 proposes the disassembly process information modelling and sequence planning for complex products.Disassembly hybrid graph and weighted disassembly hybrid graph are constructed to describe the disassembly information.Based on the graph,disassembly sequence planning is resolved fast using the particls swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.In addition,cooperative disassembly sequence planning(CDSP) is presented and dealt with adaptively via branch-and bound method. Chapter 4 studies the product multi-granularity and hierarchy disassemblability evaluation model and methodology.Disassembly entropy is introduced in product’s coarse granularity evaluation.And evaluation matrix is constructed by assigning time-based numeric indices to each design factor.In order to reduce the dimension of the evaluation matrix and eliminate the information redundancy of the evaluation indices,the comprehensive evaluation of disassemblability for design units is carried out by principal components analysis(PCA).Chapter 5 puts forward the method of product structure design for low-carbon. Through life cycle analysis, a product life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions flow model is constructed. Focused on the connection characteristics between components, the basic low-carbon and disassemblable structure units are derived and the product can be considered as their organic combination, which is described by the product’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions structure units mapping model. By analyzing the parts’connection characteristics, the GHG emissions of structure units are calculated by recursive calculus of approximation of unit structure’s carbon footprint. After identifying the main sources of GHG emissions stages, the product structure is optimized under the low carbon constraints.Chapter 6 studies the application of the theories and method of complex product Disassemblability analysis and structure design for low carbon in mechanical and electrical products. The cases study has proved the validity and feasibility of the proposed methods in this dissertation.Chapter 7 summarizes the dissertation and prospects the future research work.更多还原